MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 May 1;58(16):421-6.
Since 1994, disability-related costs for medical care and lost productivity have exceeded an estimated $300 billion annually in the United States. To update previous reports on the prevalence and most common causes of disability among adults, CDC and the U.S. Census Bureau analyzed the most recent data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). This report summarizes the findings of that analysis, which indicated that the prevalence of disability in 2005 (21.8%) remained unchanged from 1999 (22.0%); however, because of the aging of the population, particularly the large group born during 1946-1964 ("baby boomers"), the estimated absolute number of persons reporting a disability increased 7.7%, from 44.1 to 47.5 million. The three most common causes of disability continued to be arthritis or rheumatism (affecting an estimated 8.6 million persons), back or spine problems (7.6 million), and heart trouble (3.0 million). Women (24.4%) had a significantly higher prevalence of disability compared with men (19.1%) at all ages. For both sexes, the prevalence of disability doubled in successive age groups (18-44 years, 11.0%; 45-64 years, 23.9%; and >/=65 years, 51.8%). The number of adults reporting a disability likely will increase, along with the need for appropriate medical and public health services, as more persons enter the highest risk age group (>/=65 years). To accommodate the expected increase in demand for disability-related medical and public health services, expanding the reach of effective strategies and interventions aimed at preventing progression to disability and improving disability management in the population is necessary.
自1994年以来，美国每年与残疾相关的医疗费用和生产力损失估计已超过3000亿美元。为更新此前关于成年人残疾患病率及最常见病因的报告，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）和美国人口普查局分析了收入与项目参与调查（SIPP）的最新数据。本报告总结了该分析结果，结果表明2005年的残疾患病率（21.8%）与1999年（22.0%）相比保持不变；然而，由于人口老龄化，尤其是1946 - 1964年出生的庞大群体（“婴儿潮一代”），报告有残疾的人数估计绝对数增加了7.7%，从4410万增至4750万。残疾的三个最常见病因仍然是关节炎或风湿病（估计影响860万人）、背部或脊柱问题（760万人）以及心脏病（300万人）。在所有年龄段，女性的残疾患病率（24.4%）显著高于男性（19.1%）。对于两性而言，残疾患病率在连续的年龄组中翻倍（18 - 44岁，11.0%；45 - 64岁，23.9%；≥65岁，51.8%）。随着更多人进入最高风险年龄组（≥65岁），报告有残疾的成年人数量可能会增加，对适当医疗和公共卫生服务的需求也会增加。为满足与残疾相关的医疗和公共卫生服务预期增加的需求，有必要扩大旨在预防残疾进展和改善人群残疾管理的有效策略及干预措施的覆盖范围。
