Katsikitis M, Pilowsky I
Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, South Australia.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1991 Nov;179(11):683-8. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199111000-00006.
A microcomputer-based approach to the quantification of facial expression was used to measure and compare the smiling behavior of a group of Parkinson's disease sufferers, a group of patients with major depression, and a control group of comparable age. Subjects were asked to view a series of amusing slides and their expressions were recorded. The most animated smile for each subject was chosen for analysis and scores on 12 computer-generated measures were obtained using the Facial Expression Measurement program. These measures are end-lip measure, mouth width measure, mouth-opening measure, mid-top measure, mid-lower lip measure, top lip-thickness measure, lower lip-thickness measure, eye-opening measure, top eyelid/iris intersect measure, lower eyelid/iris intersect measure, inner eyebrow measure, and mid-eyebrow measure. The depressed group differed significantly from the other groups, with higher scores on end-lip measure, mid-top lip measure, and mid-eyebrow measure. All subjects completed the Levine-Pilowsky Depression Questionnaire. The depressed patients obtained higher depression scores than the parkinsonian group, who in turn had significantly higher depression scores than the control group. The depression score was correlated with end-lip measure, mouth width measure, mid-top lip measure, eye-opening measure, and mid-eyebrow measure in the population as a whole. A significant negative correlation emerged between the depression score and mid-eyebrow measure in the depressed group. Both the depressed group and the parkinsonian group were found to smile significantly less often during the slide session when compared with the control group. These results are discussed in the light of earlier findings.
一种基于微型计算机的面部表情量化方法被用于测量和比较一组帕金森病患者、一组重度抑郁症患者以及一个年龄相仿的对照组的微笑行为。受试者被要求观看一系列有趣的幻灯片，并记录他们的表情。为每位受试者选择最生动的微笑进行分析，并使用面部表情测量程序获得12项计算机生成测量指标的分数。这些指标是唇端测量、嘴宽测量、开口测量、上唇中部测量、下唇中部测量、上唇厚度测量、下唇厚度测量、睁眼测量、上眼睑/虹膜交叉测量、下眼睑/虹膜交叉测量、内眉测量和眉中部测量。抑郁症组与其他组有显著差异，在唇端测量、上唇中部测量和眉中部测量上得分更高。所有受试者都完成了莱文 - 皮洛斯基抑郁问卷。抑郁症患者的抑郁得分高于帕金森病组，而帕金森病组的抑郁得分又显著高于对照组。在总体人群中，抑郁得分与唇端测量、嘴宽测量、上唇中部测量、睁眼测量和眉中部测量相关。在抑郁症组中，抑郁得分与眉中部测量之间出现了显著的负相关。与对照组相比，抑郁症组和帕金森病组在观看幻灯片过程中微笑的频率都显著更低。根据早期研究结果对这些结果进行了讨论。
