Petersen K U, Weymann N, Schelb Y, Thiel R, Thomasius R
Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2009 May;77(5):263-71. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1109361. Epub 2009 May 5.
In 2009, we can look back on a history of 40 years of internet use. While most consumers make use of the internet in a controlled fashion, a progressive loss of the ability to control the frequency and duration of internet activities emerges in some users. As a consequence, the excessive time devoted to internet use and the behavioural narrowing can lead to dramatic psychosocial outcomes. This phenomenon is referred to as "pathological internet use" (PIU). On behalf of the German ministry of health a systematic review of the literature since 1996 has been carried out. The main results will be presented in this review. Prevalence data on pathological internet use are limited by methodological difficulties concerning the diagnosis and the heterogeneity of diagnostical instruments. International prevalence rates range from 1.5 % to 8.2 %. Annual studies on representative samples of the German population describe their internet use and patterns of use, but information on the prevalence of PIU is missing. Diagnostical instruments are needed that show sufficient reliability and validity and allow international comparisons. Research on the Dutch "Compulsive Internet Use Scale" may close this gap. Cross-sectional studies on samples of patients report high comorbidity of PIU with psychiatric disorders, e. g. affective disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). If PIU and these co-occurring disorders could be explained by shared risk factors or better as secondary disorders is largely unknown. The treatment currently is based on therapeutical interventions and strategies successful in the treatment of substance use disorders. Due to the lack of methodological sufficient research it is currently impossible to recommend any evidence-based treatment of PIU.
2009年，我们可以回顾互联网使用40年的历史。虽然大多数消费者以可控的方式使用互联网，但一些用户逐渐丧失了控制互联网活动频率和时长的能力。因此，过度投入互联网使用以及行为范围变窄可能会导致严重的社会心理后果。这种现象被称为“病理性互联网使用”（PIU）。受德国卫生部委托，自1996年以来对相关文献进行了系统综述。主要结果将在本综述中呈现。病理性互联网使用的患病率数据受到诊断方法困难以及诊断工具异质性的限制。国际患病率在1.5%至8.2%之间。对德国人口代表性样本的年度研究描述了他们的互联网使用情况和使用模式，但缺少关于病理性互联网使用患病率的信息。需要有显示出足够可靠性和有效性并能进行国际比较的诊断工具。对荷兰“强迫性互联网使用量表”的研究可能会填补这一空白。对患者样本的横断面研究报告称，病理性互联网使用与精神疾病（如情感障碍和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD））的共病率很高。病理性互联网使用和这些共病障碍是否可以用共同的风险因素来解释，或者更好地解释为继发性障碍，目前很大程度上尚不清楚。目前的治疗基于在物质使用障碍治疗中成功的治疗干预措施和策略。由于缺乏方法学上充分的研究，目前无法推荐任何基于证据的病理性互联网使用治疗方法。
