Baseline sensitivity to proquinazid in Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and Erysiphe necator and cross-resistance with other fungicides.

BACKGROUND

Proquinazid is a new quinazolinone fungicide from DuPont registered in most European countries for powdery mildew control in cereals and vines. The aim of this paper is to present baseline sensitivity data in populations of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici EM Marchal and Erysiphe necator (Schw) Burr as well as results from cross-resistance studies with other fungicides.

RESULTS

Proquinazid exhibited a high intrinsic activity on B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates at rates ranging from 0.000078 to 0.02 mg L(-1). Erysiphe necator isolates were comparatively less sensitive to proquinazid, with EC(50) values ranging from 0.001 to 0.3 mg L(-1). Proquinazid controlled equally well B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates sensitive and resistant or less sensitive to tebuconazole, fenpropimorph, fenpropidin, cyprodinil and kresoxim-methyl. A positive correlation (r = 0.617) between quinoxyfen and proquinazid sensitivities was found among 51 B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates. Quinoxyfen-resistant B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates were slightly less sensitive to proquinazid than the quinoxyfen-sensitive isolates; however, proquinazid remained much more active than quinoxyfen on these isolates. A stronger sensitivity relationship (r = 0.874) between proquinazid and quinoxyfen was found among 65 E. necator isolates tested in a leaf disc assay. The sensitivity values for proquinazid were significantly lower than those for quinoxyfen, confirming the higher intrinsic activity of proquinazid on both pathogens.

CONCLUSION

Given the history of resistance development in powdery mildew and the observed sensitivity relationship with quinoxyfen, specifically in E. necator, we conclude that the risk of resistance developing to proquinazid might be influenced by the use of quinoxyfen. Based on these results, the authors recommend that proquinazid and quinoxyfen be managed together for resistance management.