Elliott Simon, Woolacott Helen, Braithwaite Robin
(ROAR) Forensics Ltd. Malvemrn Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvemrn, Worcestershire, WR14 3SZ, UK.
Sci Justice. 2009 Mar;49(1):19-23. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2008.06.001.
Researchers have studied the involvement of drugs and alcohol in fatal road traffic incidents, but with particular emphasis on the possible impairment of the driver. This paper describes a comparative study of drug and alcohol findings in various victim groups (drivers of cars, vans or lorries, car passengers, motorcyclists, motorcycle passengers, cyclists and pedestrians) between 2000 and 2006. Post-mortem blood and urine specimens submitted were analysed by immunoassay, GC-NPD, GC-FID, GC-MS and HPLC-DAD. The results of 1047 cases indicated 54% of all victims were positive for drugs and/or alcohol, with the highest percentage of positive findings occurring in pedestrians (63%). Males between the ages of 17-24 were most likely to be involved in a road traffic accident, whether being in control of a vehicle (driver) or involved indirectly (car passenger, pedestrian, motorcycle passenger). A wide range of drugs were detected (e.g., drugs of abuse, anti-convulsants, anti-histamines, anti-inflammatories, anti-psychotics, cardiac drugs and over-the-counter products), but alcohol and cannabinoids were the most frequent substances across the victim groups. When detected, alcohol was commonly above the legal driving limit in blood and urine (>63% in those in control and >60% not in control). Overall, the presence of drugs and/or alcohol was of similar frequency in those victims in control (55% of driver, 48% of motorcyclists, 33% of cyclists) and not in control of a vehicle (52% of car passengers, 63% of pedestrians). This degree of frequency strongly implicates the involvement of drugs and alcohol in road traffic incidents and infers an effect on driving ability and individual impairment.
研究人员已对毒品和酒精在致命道路交通事故中的影响进行了研究，不过特别着重于对驾驶员可能造成的损害。本文描述了一项关于2000年至2006年间不同受害群体（汽车、厢式货车或卡车驾驶员、汽车乘客、摩托车手、摩托车乘客、骑自行车者和行人）毒品和酒精检测结果的比较研究。提交的尸检血液和尿液样本通过免疫测定、气相色谱 - 氮磷检测、气相色谱 - 氢火焰离子化检测、气相色谱 - 质谱联用以及高效液相色谱 - 二极管阵列检测进行分析。1047例病例的结果表明，所有受害者中有54%毒品和/或酒精检测呈阳性，其中行人的阳性检出率最高（63%）。年龄在17至24岁之间的男性最有可能卷入道路交通事故，无论是作为车辆的操控者（驾驶员）还是间接卷入（汽车乘客、行人、摩托车乘客）。检测出了多种药物（例如，滥用药物、抗惊厥药、抗组胺药、抗炎药、抗精神病药、心脏药物和非处方产品），但酒精和大麻素是所有受害群体中最常见的物质。当检测到酒精时，其在血液和尿液中的含量通常高于法定驾驶限值（操控车辆者中>63%，非操控车辆者中>60%）。总体而言，毒品和/或酒精在操控车辆的受害者（55%的驾驶员、48%的摩托车手、33%的骑自行车者）和未操控车辆的受害者（52%的汽车乘客、63%的行人）中的出现频率相似。这种频率程度有力地表明了毒品和酒精与道路交通事故有关，并推断其对驾驶能力和个人损害有影响。
