Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Forensic Sci Int. 2012 Jul 10;220(1-3):224-31. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.03.006. Epub 2012 Apr 6.
To compare the prevalence of alcohol and (il)licit drugs in seriously injured drivers in Belgium (BE) and the Netherlands (NL).
Injured car and van drivers admitted to the emergency departments of five hospitals in Belgium and three in the Netherlands from January 2008 to May 2010 were included. Blood samples were taken and analysed for ethanol (with an enzymatic method) and 22 other psychoactive substances (UPLC-MS/MS or GC-MS).
In total 535 injured drivers were included in the study (BE: 348; NL: 187). More drivers were found positive for alcohol and drugs in Belgium (52.6%) than in the Netherlands (33.9%). Alcohol (≥0.1 g/L) was the most prevalent substance in both countries (BE: 42.5%; NL: 29.6%). A similar prevalence was found for amphetamine (BE: 2.6%; NL: 2.2%) and cocaine (BE: 2.3%; NL: 2.1%). In the Netherlands almost no positive findings for cannabis were recorded (0.5%). No driver tested positive for benzodiazepines in the Netherlands compared to 7.3% in Belgium. More injured drivers tested positive for Z-drugs (BE: 1.8%; NL: 0.5%) and medicinal opioids (BE: 3.3%; NL: 0.5%) in Belgium.
The prevalence of alcohol in seriously injured drivers was 12% higher found in Belgium than in the Netherlands. The prevalence of drugs was similar in both countries except for THC and medicinal drugs, particularly benzodiazepines, with a much higher prevalence in Belgium. In comparison to previous survey there were differences in the prevalence of THC, benzodiazepines and combinations of drugs. Possible explanations are the different matrix used, a bias in study population, or in case of illicit opiates and benzodiazepines a different consumption pattern in the two countries. Alcohol is still the most prevalent substance among the injured driver population and this increased the last 15 years.
比较比利时（BE）和荷兰（NL）严重受伤驾驶员中酒精和（非法）药物的流行率。
纳入 2008 年 1 月至 2010 年 5 月期间，比利时五家医院和荷兰三家医院急诊科收治的受伤汽车和货车驾驶员。采集血样，用酶法检测乙醇（Ethanol），并用 UPLC-MS/MS 或 GC-MS 检测 22 种其他精神活性物质。
共纳入 535 名受伤驾驶员（BE：348；NL：187）。比利时（52.6%）发现的阳性驾驶员比荷兰（33.9%）多。两国最常见的物质都是酒精（≥0.1 g/L）（BE：42.5%；NL：29.6%）。安非他命（Amphetamine）和可卡因（Cocaine）的流行率相似（BE：2.6%；NL：2.2%）。在荷兰，几乎没有检测到大麻呈阳性（0.5%）。与比利时（7.3%）相比，荷兰没有驾驶员的苯二氮䓬类检测呈阳性。在比利时，接受 Z 药物（Z-drugs）检测的受伤驾驶员比例更高（BE：1.8%；NL：0.5%）和医用阿片类药物（BE：3.3%；NL：0.5%）。
与荷兰相比，比利时严重受伤驾驶员中酒精的流行率高出 12%。除大麻和医用药物外，两国的药物流行率相似，特别是苯二氮䓬类药物，在比利时的流行率更高。与以前的调查相比，THC、苯二氮䓬类药物和药物组合的流行率有所不同。可能的解释是使用了不同的基质、研究人群的偏差，或者在非法阿片类药物和苯二氮䓬类药物方面，两国的消费模式不同。酒精仍然是受伤驾驶员人群中最常见的物质，而且在过去 15 年中有所增加。
