Jones Edward G
Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
Cereb Cortex. 2009 Sep;19(9):1953-6. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhp088. Epub 2009 May 8.
The neocortex of primates, including humans, is thought to contain significantly higher numbers and more diverse forms of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons than that of rodents. The mouse cortex displays a number of other features that distinguish it from the cortex of primates and suggest a somewhat less complex pattern of organization. Nevertheless, dramatic findings on the origins and migratory patterns of newly specified GABAergic cortical interneurons in the embryonic mouse have led to a prevailing view that GABAergic cortical interneurons of all species are born in the ganglionic eminence and undergo the same long tangential migration toward the cortex that is seen in the mouse. Recent observations in fetal human and monkey brains, although clearly identifying GABAergic neurons that reach the neocortex via the tangential route, also demonstrate that substantial numbers of GABA neurons are generated in the lateral ventricular neuroepithelium and migrate into the cortex via the same radial route followed by glutamatergic neurons. In the course of evolution of the higher primate cortex, it is likely that new forms of cortical interneuron with origins in the ventricular neuroepithelium have been added to an older population derived from the ganglionic eminence.
包括人类在内的灵长类动物的新皮质，被认为比啮齿动物的新皮质含有数量显著更多、形式更多样的γ-氨基丁酸能（GABA能）中间神经元。小鼠皮质具有许多其他特征，使其与灵长类动物的皮质区分开来，并表明其组织模式略显简单。然而，关于胚胎小鼠中新生成的GABA能皮质中间神经元的起源和迁移模式的重大发现，导致了一种普遍观点，即所有物种的GABA能皮质中间神经元都在神经节隆起中产生，并经历与小鼠中所见相同的向皮质的长距离切向迁移。最近在胎儿人类和猴子大脑中的观察结果，虽然明确识别出通过切向途径到达新皮质的GABA能神经元，但也表明大量GABA神经元在侧脑室神经上皮中产生，并通过与谷氨酸能神经元相同的径向途径迁移到皮质。在高等灵长类动物皮质的进化过程中，很可能起源于脑室神经上皮的新形式的皮质中间神经元已被添加到源自神经节隆起的较老群体中。
