Boot Walter R, Neider Mark B, Kramer Arthur F
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4031, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2009 May;71(4):950-63. doi: 10.3758/APP.71.4.950.
How do observers become proficient at finding camouflaged targets? Does gaining proficiency in locating a target in one camouflage search situation improve performance in novel camouflage situations? We examined these questions by having participants first perform a difficult camouflage search task for three sessions and, in the last session, search for novel camouflaged targets. Near-perfect transfer of training was observed, with participants finding targets in novel camouflage situations almost as quickly as in highly familiar search situations. Previous research has suggested that an "object search" strategy rather than a "background search" strategy is one reason camouflage search can be slow and inaccurate. Eye movement analyses suggest that a more background-focused strategy was not necessary for improved performance and was not responsible for transfer. Another experiment explicitly instructed participants to search background regions, rather than regions containing salient objects, and provided participants feedback regarding the location of their own fixations. Surprisingly, even in this condition, participants did not devote more oculomotor attention to background regions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Supplemental figures for this article can be downloaded from app.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.
观察者如何熟练地找到伪装目标？在一种伪装搜索情境中获得定位目标的熟练程度，是否能提高在新的伪装情境中的表现？我们通过让参与者首先进行三个阶段的困难伪装搜索任务，并在最后一个阶段搜索新的伪装目标，来研究这些问题。观察到了近乎完美的训练迁移，参与者在新的伪装情境中找到目标的速度几乎与在非常熟悉的搜索情境中一样快。先前的研究表明，“物体搜索”策略而非“背景搜索”策略是伪装搜索可能缓慢且不准确的一个原因。眼动分析表明，更关注背景的策略对于提高表现并非必要，也与迁移无关。另一个实验明确指示参与者搜索背景区域，而非包含显著物体的区域，并向参与者提供关于他们自身注视位置的反馈。令人惊讶的是，即使在这种情况下，参与者也没有将更多的眼动注意力投入到背景区域。本文讨论了理论和实际意义。本文的补充图可从app.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental下载。
