Mi Lijuan, Zhang Xiaodong, Yang Wenchao, Wang Lihua, Huang Qing, Fan Chunhai, Hu Jun
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2009 Apr;9(4):2247-55. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2009.se25.
Nanomaterials, with their diverse dimensions, shapes and surface functional groups, may interact with biomolecules in various ways. In this paper, we reviewed recent advances on the research of the effect of nanomaterials on biomolecular reactions and the use of nano-bio-complexes in biosensors. Much evidence has clearly indicated that nanomaterials are excellent matrixes for the immobilization of enzymes and such complexes often exhibits even higher activities than native enzymes. Consequently, a large amount of highly sensitive biosensors have been developed based on such nano-bio-complexes. We also stressed the importance of nanomaterials on the reactions of nucleic acids. By exploiting the interactions between AuNPs and DNA, several groups have developed a series of novel biosensors for the detection of DNA target and other biologically important molecules. While the state-of-the-art researches are mainly focused on the study of one nanomaterial and one biomolecule, there has been evidence that integration of nano-bio-complexes might lead to much more interesting findings. For example, nanomaterials have been found to exert great impact on complicated systems such as PCR. One might expect that the realization of highly cooperated nano-bio-machines that comprise of different nanomaterials and different biomolecules would lead to highly promising diagnostic tools both in-vivo and in-vitro.
纳米材料因其多样的尺寸、形状和表面官能团，可能以多种方式与生物分子相互作用。在本文中，我们综述了纳米材料对生物分子反应影响的研究以及纳米生物复合物在生物传感器中的应用的最新进展。大量证据清楚地表明，纳米材料是固定化酶的优良基质，并且此类复合物通常表现出比天然酶更高的活性。因此，基于此类纳米生物复合物开发了大量高灵敏度生物传感器。我们还强调了纳米材料对核酸反应的重要性。通过利用金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）与DNA之间的相互作用，多个研究小组开发了一系列用于检测DNA靶标和其他生物重要分子的新型生物传感器。虽然目前的前沿研究主要集中在一种纳米材料和一种生物分子的研究上，但已有证据表明纳米生物复合物的整合可能会带来更有趣的发现。例如，已发现纳米材料对诸如聚合酶链式反应（PCR）等复杂系统有很大影响。人们可能期望由不同纳米材料和不同生物分子组成的高度协同的纳米生物机器的实现将产生极有前景的体内和体外诊断工具。
