van der Sluis H J, Dwars R M, Vernooij J C M, Landman W J M
Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Poult Sci. 2009 Jun;88(6):1242-9. doi: 10.3382/ps.2008-00155.
Experiments were performed (1) to quantify reflex movements and volume uptake of physiological salt solution by the cloaca and (2) to evaluate the conditioned cloacal uptake of fluorescein-labeled polystyrene. In experiment 1, measurements were done on birds (n = 12) once a day at 3, 4, and 5 d of age and during 5 consecutive days at wk 3, 5, 7, and 9 of age. The reflexes and volume uptake after applying saline droplets were studied simultaneously during 30 s. The median number and range of reflexes per 30 s during the first week of age were 45 (28 to 54), at 3 wk 35 (18 to 52), at 5 wk 44 (27 to 60), at 7 wk 47 (32 to 61), and at 9 wk 44 (23 to 56). The median volume uptake and range in wk 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 were 0.10 (0.05 to 0.30), 0.25 (0.05 to 0.60), 0.58 (0.25 to 1.15), 1.05 (0.50 to 2.25), and 1.15 (0.30 to 3.05) mL per 30 s, increasing significantly with time. In experiment 2, a solution containing 10(7) polystyrene beads/mL was applied to the cloaca of broilers (3 aged 2 wk and 3 aged 9 wk) during 30 s. Most beads were found in the bursa of Fabricius. In the bursal lumen, a median of 10(6.43) beads/mL was found; the median number found in the follicular tissue was 5 (range 3 to 38) beads per tissue section. In the lumen content of ileum, cecum, and rectum of all birds together, it was 10(5.87), 0, and 10(6.32) beads/ ml, respectively. Polystyrene beads were never found intramuraly.
（1）量化泄殖腔对生理盐溶液的反射运动和摄取量，（2）评估泄殖腔对荧光素标记的聚苯乙烯的条件摄取。在实验1中，对12只鸟进行测量，在3日龄、4日龄和5日龄时每天测量一次，在3周龄、5周龄、7周龄和9周龄时连续5天每天测量一次。在30秒内同时研究滴注盐水后的反射和摄取量。1周龄时每30秒反射的中位数和范围为45（28至54），3周龄时为35（18至52），5周龄时为44（27至60），7周龄时为47（32至61），9周龄时为44（23至56）。1周龄、3周龄、5周龄、7周龄和9周龄时摄取量的中位数和范围分别为每30秒0.10（0.05至0.30）、0.25（0.05至0.60）、0.58（0.25至1.15）、1.05（0.50至2.25）和1.15（0.30至3.05）毫升，随时间显著增加。在实验2中，将含有每毫升10⁷个聚苯乙烯珠的溶液在30秒内施加到2周龄的3只肉鸡和9周龄的3只肉鸡的泄殖腔。大多数珠子发现于法氏囊中。在法氏囊腔内，发现每毫升中位数为10⁶.⁴³个珠子；在滤泡组织中每组织切片发现的中位数为5个（范围为3至38个）珠子。在所有鸟类的回肠、盲肠和直肠的肠腔内容物中，分别为每毫升10⁵.⁸⁷个、0个和10⁶.³²个珠子。从未在壁内发现聚苯乙烯珠。
