Second Psychiatry Department, Athens University Medical School, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2009 May 14;8:10. doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-8-10.
Alcoholism is a chronic remitting and relapsing condition; its aetiology and pathophysiology remains largely obscure despite recent advances. This review summarises the current knowledge about the causation (biological or psychological) of alcohol addiction. This involves heredity, candidate genes, alcohol metabolism regulation and the influence of alcohol in the pathophysiology of the different neurotransmitter systems. Alcohol addiction is a multifactorial phenomenon where personality structure, individual state of mind and social influences are in constant interaction with brain neurobiology and pathophysiology. This disorder influences different sexes in different ways and causes major problems, especially in developed societies.
酒精中毒是一种慢性、缓解和复发的病症；尽管最近有所进展，但它的病因和病理生理学仍很大程度上不为人知。本综述总结了目前关于酒精成瘾的病因（生物学或心理学）的知识。这涉及遗传、候选基因、酒精代谢调节以及酒精对不同神经递质系统的病理生理学的影响。酒精中毒是一种多因素现象，其中个性结构、个体心理状态和社会影响与大脑神经生物学和病理生理学不断相互作用。这种疾病以不同的方式影响不同性别，并导致重大问题，尤其是在发达社会。
