Spero Moshe Halevi
Postgraduate Program of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University.
Psychoanal Study Child. 2008;63:221-53.
The following essay engages Freud's German title Das Unbehagen in der Kultur, translated in the psychoanalytic canon as Civilization and Its Discontents (1930 [1929]). We know that the pithy title was preceded by another title, and recent research reveals an earlier title whose meaning is the complete reverse of the present title. I argue here that Freud's ultimate decision to use the term Unbehagen reflects more than the intention to emphasize the painful disgruntlement of humankind as it struggles restlessly under the bridle of the superego, as the theme of this book is usually understood. Rather, the title, and the crisis that ensued when it was being translated, was a response to the nearing to consciousness of a cluster of psychological dimensions that fomented conflict throughout Freud's life: the illusory quality of religious belief anxieties surrounding femininity, motherhood, and death, and uncanny qualities of the realm of the aesthetic. I reinterpret the choice of the term Das Unbehagen as representing the unique depressive "gain" that is the byproduct of the symbolizing function basic to the process of civilization. Mature aesthetic and religious structures and beliefs require and contain the modicum of discontent that is inevitably produced during symbolization.
以下这篇文章探讨了弗洛伊德的德语书名《Das Unbehagen in der Kultur》，在精神分析经典著作中被译为《文明及其不满》（1930[1929]）。我们知道这个简洁的书名之前还有另一个书名，最近的研究揭示了一个更早的书名，其含义与现在的书名完全相反。我在此认为，弗洛伊德最终决定使用“Unbehagen”一词，所反映的不仅仅是如本书主题通常被理解的那样，强调人类在超我束缚下不安挣扎时的痛苦不满。相反，这个书名以及翻译过程中随之而来的危机，是对一系列在弗洛伊德一生中引发冲突的心理维度逐渐接近意识层面的回应：围绕女性气质、母性和死亡的宗教信仰焦虑的虚幻特质，以及美学领域的离奇特质。我重新解读“Das Unbehagen”这个词的选择，认为它代表了独特的抑郁性“收获”，这是文明进程中基本象征功能的副产品。成熟的美学和宗教结构及信仰需要并包含在象征化过程中不可避免产生的些许不满。
