Cabaret Jacques, Nicourt Christian
INRAE and University F. Rabelais, ISP UMR 1282, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
INRAE, CNRS and University Paris-Dauphine, IRISSO, Place Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France.
Pathogens. 2024 Apr 2;13(4):297. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13040297.
Gastrointestinal nematodes are common in grazing sheep, but the intensity of the infection is not easily appreciated by farmers. For decades, they have relied on anthelmintic treatments to control these gastrointestinal nematodes. This has led to anthelmintic resistance and poor control of infection in most regions of the world. Using face-to-face semidirective interviews with farmers, we recorded their views on gastrointestinal nematode infection and its control. Ten organic and nine conventional meat sheep farmers from central France and 20 milk sheep farmers from the Basque region were interviewed and the data were analysed using a health model based on the importance of the disease and the barriers to implementing control. It was found that gastrointestinal nematodes were not the main health concern, and therefore farmers were not willing to invest too much time and money in their control. The conventional farmers relied on their veterinarians (the experts) to organise and select the anthelmintics, although they complained about the limited investment of their veterinarians in this matter. Organic farmers complained about their lack of knowledge about complementary and alternative medicines. Farmers rarely used faecal egg counts to build control of gastrointestinal nematodes and were unaware of the intensity of their infection. Knowledge of anthelmintic resistance was general (it exists) but farmers did not know if it existed on their farm. Resistance was often considered to have come from elsewhere, so the farmer did not feel at fault and did not take measures to prevent resistance. There is a need for all stakeholders to use faecal egg counts to assess the intensity of infection as well as the level of anthelmintic resistance to establish individual farm control programmes rather than standard blanket treatments.
胃肠道线虫在放牧的绵羊中很常见，但农民不容易了解感染的强度。几十年来，他们一直依靠驱虫治疗来控制这些胃肠道线虫。这导致了世界上大多数地区出现驱虫抗药性，且感染控制不佳。通过与农民进行面对面的半指导性访谈，我们记录了他们对胃肠道线虫感染及其控制的看法。对来自法国中部的10名有机肉羊养殖户和9名传统肉羊养殖户以及来自巴斯克地区的20名奶羊养殖户进行了访谈，并使用基于疾病重要性和实施控制的障碍的健康模型对数据进行了分析。结果发现，胃肠道线虫并非主要的健康问题，因此农民不愿意在其控制上投入过多时间和金钱。传统养殖户依靠他们的兽医（专家）来组织和选择驱虫药，尽管他们抱怨兽医在这件事上投入有限。有机养殖户抱怨他们缺乏关于补充和替代药物的知识。农民很少使用粪便虫卵计数来建立对胃肠道线虫的控制，并且不知道自己的感染强度。对驱虫抗药性的了解很普遍（确实存在），但农民不知道自己的农场是否存在抗药性。抗药性通常被认为是来自其他地方，所以农民不觉得自己有错，也没有采取措施预防抗药性。所有利益相关者都需要使用粪便虫卵计数来评估感染强度以及驱虫抗药水平，以制定个别农场的控制方案，而不是标准的一刀切治疗方法。
