Jimenez Castro Pablo D, Willcox Jennifer L, Rochani Haresh, Richmond Holly L, Martinez Heather E, Lozoya Cecilia E, Savard Christian, Leutenegger Christian M
Antech Diagnostics, Mars Petcare Science & Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, CA, USA; Grupo de Parasitologia Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia.
Antech Diagnostics, Mars Petcare Science & Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, CA, USA.
Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2025 Apr;27:100584. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2025.100584. Epub 2025 Jan 31.
Ancylostoma caninum is the most significant intestinal nematode parasite of dogs. We acquired fecal surveillance data from a large population of dogs in the United States (US). A diagnostic test using real-time PCR (qPCR) for Ancylostoma spp. and allele-specific qPCR detecting the SNP F167Y in the isotype 1 of the Beta-tubulin gene, was used in 885,424 randomized canine fecal samples collected between March 2022 and December 2023. Overall, Ancylostoma spp. had a prevalence of 1.76% (15,537/885,424), with the highest in the South 3.73% (10,747/287,576), and the lowest in the West 0.45% (632/140,282). Within the subset of Ancylostoma spp.-detected dogs used for further analysis, the F167Y SNP had an overall prevalence of 14.44% with the highest in the West and the lowest in the Midwest (10.76%). The greyhound exhibited a higher prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. infections (17.03%) and a higher prevalence of the F167Y polymorphism (33.6%) compared to non-greyhounds (13.7% and 2.08%), respectively, but were not associated with the highest risk for the F167Y polymorphism. Sex did not influence hookworm infection nor F167Y polymorphism prevalence. Intact dogs had a prevalence of hookworm infection and F167Y polymorphism of 3.88% and 15.66%, respectively. Puppies showed increased prevalence of hookworms (3.70%) and the F167Y SNP (17.1%). Greyhounds, bluetick coonhounds, and boerboels had the highest relative risks for hookworm infection, while Cavalier King Charles spaniels, Havanese, and shiba inus had the lowest. The top and bottom three with the highest and lowest RR for the F167Y SNP were the old English sheepdog, American foxhound, and toy poodle Toy, and shih tzu, Maltese, and Australian cattle dogs, respectively. This study highlights the value of an accessible diagnostic qPCR test with fast turnaround in unraveling the molecular epidemiology of hookworms and benzimidazole resistance, as well as explore potentially important risk factorsin dogs with routine veterinary care.
犬钩虫是犬类最重要的肠道线虫寄生虫。我们获取了美国大量犬只的粪便监测数据。在2022年3月至2023年12月期间收集的885,424份随机犬类粪便样本中，使用了针对犬钩虫属的实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）诊断测试以及检测β-微管蛋白基因1型中SNP F167Y的等位基因特异性qPCR。总体而言，犬钩虫属的患病率为1.76%（15,537/885,424），其中南部最高，为3.73%（10,747/287,576），西部最低，为0.45%（632/140,282）。在用于进一步分析的检测出犬钩虫属的犬只子集中，F167Y SNP的总体患病率为14.44%，其中西部最高，中西部最低（10.76%）。与非灵缇犬（分别为13.7%和2.08%）相比，灵缇犬的犬钩虫属感染患病率更高（17.03%），F167Y多态性患病率也更高（33.6%），但与F167Y多态性的最高风险无关。性别对钩虫感染和F167Y多态性患病率均无影响。未绝育犬的钩虫感染患病率和F167Y多态性患病率分别为3.88%和15.66%。幼犬的钩虫患病率（3.70%）和F167Y SNP患病率（17.1%）有所增加。灵缇犬、蓝斑猎浣熊犬和布尔博尔犬感染钩虫的相对风险最高，而查理士王小猎犬、哈瓦那犬和柴犬的相对风险最低。F167Y SNP相对风险最高和最低的前三和后三品种分别是古代英国牧羊犬、美国猎狐犬和玩具贵宾犬，以及西施犬、马尔济斯犬和澳大利亚牧牛犬。本研究强调了一种可快速周转的便捷诊断qPCR测试在揭示钩虫分子流行病学和苯并咪唑抗性方面的价值，以及在常规兽医护理的犬只中探索潜在重要风险因素的价值。
