Abelli Luigi, Randelli Elisa, Carnevali Oliana, Picchietti Simona
Department of Biology and Evolution, Comparative Anatomy Section, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Apr;1163:340-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03670.x.
Early feeding (started during gut metamorphosis and establishment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis) with probiotic-supplemented diets, besides modifying the intestinal microflora, evoked profound effects on the physiology of fish larvae. Using rotifers and Artemia as living vectors, the autochthonous bacterium Lactobacillus delbrueckii delbrueckii or a multispecies probiotic formulation (autochthonous Lactobacillus fructivorans+Lactobacillus plantarum from human feces) were orally administered to sea bass and gilthead sea bream larvae, respectively. The treatments enhanced larval rearing (significantly increased body weight, decreased cortisol levels, and improved stress response compared with controls) and the immune system. In sea bass, the probiotic raised intestinal T cells, in keeping with increased total body TcR-beta transcripts, and increased acidophilic granulocytes concomitant to lower transcription of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1-beta, TGF-beta, IL-10, Cox-2). In sea bream, the multispecies probiotic formulation raised intestinal immunoglobulin (Ig(+)) cells and acidophilic granulocytes mainly belonging to the MAb G7(+) phagocytic population. These results point to stimulatory actions of probiotics on the gut immune system that are devoid of harmful effects and that correlate with improvement of fry survival.
在肠道变态发育和下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾间轴建立期间开始的早期投喂（使用添加益生菌的饲料），除了改变肠道微生物群外，还对鱼类幼体的生理产生了深远影响。分别以轮虫和卤虫作为活载体，将本地细菌德氏乳杆菌德氏亚种或多物种益生菌制剂（来自人类粪便的本地嗜酸乳杆菌 + 植物乳杆菌）口服给海鲈和金头鲷幼体。这些处理增强了幼体饲养效果（与对照组相比，显著增加体重、降低皮质醇水平并改善应激反应）以及免疫系统。在海鲈中，益生菌增加了肠道T细胞，这与全身TcR - β转录本增加一致，同时嗜酸性粒细胞增多，伴随促炎基因（IL - 1 - β、TGF - β、IL - 10、Cox - 2）转录降低。在金头鲷中，多物种益生菌制剂增加了肠道免疫球蛋白（Ig(+)）细胞和主要属于MAb G7(+)吞噬群体的嗜酸性粒细胞。这些结果表明益生菌对肠道免疫系统具有刺激作用，且无有害影响，这与鱼苗存活率的提高相关。
