Stanton W R, McGee R, Silva P A
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Pediatrics. 1991 Nov;88(5):954-9.
An index of adversity is a measure of risk that can be considered independently of individual risk factors. This study examined four areas of adversity in early childhood, namely perinatal complications, family background, child-rearing practices, and the child's physical health, and their relationship to developmental outcomes. Four indices of adversity in these areas were examined as predictors of cognitive ability and motor ability for 476 girls and 510 boys at age 5 years. Results of the study indicated that indices of family background and child-rearing practices were highly related to these developmental outcomes. An index of health problems was found to be significantly related to motor ability. The perinatal complications index was significantly related only to specific cognitive ability scores for boys. Previously, developmental outcomes have been assessed in terms of the magnitude of individual risk factors, but more effective screening procedures may need to take account of the additive effect of the number of relevant adverse risk factors.
逆境指数是一种风险衡量指标，可独立于个体风险因素进行考量。本研究考察了儿童早期逆境的四个领域，即围产期并发症、家庭背景、育儿方式以及儿童的身体健康状况，以及它们与发育结果的关系。对这些领域的四个逆境指数进行了检验，以预测476名5岁女孩和510名5岁男孩的认知能力和运动能力。研究结果表明，家庭背景和育儿方式指数与这些发育结果高度相关。发现健康问题指数与运动能力显著相关。围产期并发症指数仅与男孩的特定认知能力得分显著相关。此前，发育结果是根据个体风险因素的大小进行评估的，但更有效的筛查程序可能需要考虑相关不良风险因素数量的累加效应。
