Rolfe Gary, Davies Ruth
School of Health Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2009 Sep;46(9):1265-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.04.002. Epub 2009 May 19.
This paper traces the increase in number and diversity of professional doctorates over the last two decades and discusses the evolution from first to second generation doctorates as a response to the rise of the knowledge economy and new understandings of knowledge-production. Distinctions between first and second generation doctorates are interpreted in the light of Gibbons et al. [Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., Trow, M., 1994. The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies. Sage, London] taxonomy of knowledge-production, and it is argued that second generation doctorates, based on Mode 2 knowledge-production, are not only relevant to the economy but also have the potential to transform practice. However, as this paper highlights, this reconceptualisation of the professional doctorate presents particular challenges to academia and the discipline of nursing, which centre upon the threats posed to the power and authority of the University by the radical nature of Mode 2 knowledge generation and application in the workplace. Implications of these threats are discussed in relation to the current debate about the rigour of professional doctorates and the call by some for a return to the traditional doctorate or PhD. We conclude that the discipline of nursing has much to gain from embracing, rather than retreating from, the challenges posed by second generation professional doctorates, and that these offer an alternative but no less academically sound education in preparing nurses to pay a full and active role at the theory-practice interface.
本文追溯了过去二十年间专业博士学位在数量和多样性方面的增长情况，并探讨了从第一代博士学位到第二代博士学位的演变，这一演变是对知识经济的兴起以及对知识生产的新理解的回应。根据吉本斯等人（吉本斯，M.，利莫热斯，C.，诺沃特尼，H.，施瓦茨曼，S.，斯科特，P.，特罗，M.，1994年。《知识的新生产：当代社会中的科学与研究动态》。伦敦：塞奇出版社）的知识生产分类法来解读第一代和第二代博士学位之间的区别，并认为基于模式2知识生产的第二代博士学位不仅与经济相关，而且具有改变实践的潜力。然而，正如本文所强调的，对专业博士学位的这种重新概念化给学术界和护理学科带来了特殊挑战，这些挑战集中在模式2知识在工作场所的产生和应用的激进性质对大学的权力和权威构成的威胁上。结合当前关于专业博士学位严谨性的辩论以及一些人要求回归传统博士学位或哲学博士学位的呼声，讨论了这些威胁的影响。我们得出结论，护理学科从接受而非回避第二代专业博士学位带来的挑战中会有很多收获，并且这些学位在培养护士在理论与实践界面充分发挥积极作用方面提供了一种虽不同但同样具有学术合理性的教育选择。
