Al-Seekh Saleh H, Mohammad Ayed G
College of Agriculture, Hebron University, Hebron, West Bank, Palestine.
Environ Manage. 2009 Jul;44(1):37-45. doi: 10.1007/s00267-009-9310-z. Epub 2009 May 21.
This study addressed the hydrological processes of runoff and sedimentation, soil moisture content, and properties under the effect of different water harvesting techniques (treatments). The study was conducted at three sites, representing environmental condition gradients, located in the southern part of the West Bank. For each treatment, the study evaluated soil chemical and physical properties, soil moisture at 30 cm depth, surface runoff and sedimentation at each site. Results showed that runoff is reduced by 65-85% and sedimentation by 58-69% in stone terraces and semi-circle bunds compared to the control at the semi-humid site. In addition, stone terraces and contour ridges significantly reduced the amount of total runoff by 80% and 73%, respectively, at the arid site. Soil moisture content was significantly increased by water harvesting techniques compared to the control in all treatments at the three study sites. In addition, the difference between the control and the water harvesting structures were higher in the arid and semi-arid areas than in the semi-humid area. Soil and water conservation, via utilization of water harvesting structures, is an effective principle for reducing the negative impact of high runoff intensity and subsequently increasing soil moisture storage from rainfall. Jessour systems in the valley and stone terraces were effective in increasing soil moisture storage, prolonging the growing season for natural vegetation, and decreasing the amount of supplemental irrigation required for growing fruit trees.
本研究探讨了不同集水技术（处理方式）作用下的径流、泥沙淤积、土壤含水量及土壤性质等水文过程。该研究在约旦河西岸南部的三个代表环境条件梯度的地点进行。对于每种处理方式，研究评估了土壤化学和物理性质、30厘米深度处的土壤湿度、每个地点的地表径流和泥沙淤积情况。结果表明，在半湿润地区，与对照相比，石梯田和半圆形护堤的径流减少了65%-85%，泥沙淤积减少了58%-69%。此外，在干旱地区，石梯田和等高埂分别使总径流量显著减少了80%和73%。在三个研究地点的所有处理方式中，与对照相比，集水技术显著提高了土壤含水量。此外，干旱和半干旱地区对照与集水结构之间的差异大于半湿润地区。通过利用集水结构进行水土保持，是减少高径流强度负面影响并进而增加降雨土壤水分储存量 的有效原则。山谷中的杰苏尔系统和石梯田在增加土壤水分储存量、延长天然植被生长季节以及减少果树生长所需的补充灌溉量方面效果显著。
