Landa Premysl, Marsik Petr, Havlik Jaroslav, Kloucek Pavel, Vanek Tomas, Kokoska Ladislav
Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Joint Laboratory of Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, vvi, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
J Med Food. 2009 Apr;12(2):408-15. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0600.
Seed extracts from six species of the genus Nigella (Family Ranunculaceae)-Nigella arvensis, Nigella damascena, Nigella hispanica, Nigella nigellastrum, Nigella orientalis, and Nigella sativa-obtained by successive extraction with n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol, were tested for their antimicrobial activity against 10 strains of pathogenic bacteria and yeast using the microdilution method as well as for anti-inflammatory properties by in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 assay. Chemical characterization of active extracts was carried out including free and fixed fatty acid analysis. Comparison of antimicrobial activity showed that N. arvensis chloroform extract was the most potent among all species tested, inhibiting Gram-positive bacterial and yeast strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/mL. With the exception of selective inhibitory action of n-hexane extract of N. orientalis on growth of Bacteroides fragilis (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), we observed no antimicrobial activity for other Nigella species. Anti-inflammatory screening revealed that N. sativa, N. orientalis, N. hispanica, N. arvensis n-hexane, and N. hispanica chloroform extracts had strong inhibitory activity (more than 80%) on COX-1 and N. orientalis, N. arvensis, and N. hispanica n-hexane extracts were most effective against COX-2, when the concentration of extracts was 100 microg/mL in both COX assays. In conclusion, N. arvensis, N. orientalis, and N. hispanica seeds, for the first time examined for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, revealed their significant activity in one or both assays.
从毛茛科黑种草属的六个物种——田野黑种草、大马士革黑种草、西班牙黑种草、黑籽黑种草、东方黑种草和药用黑种草中提取种子提取物，通过正己烷、氯仿和甲醇连续萃取获得。采用微量稀释法测试了这些提取物对10种病原菌和酵母菌的抗菌活性，并通过体外环氧合酶（COX）-1和COX-2测定法测试了其抗炎特性。对活性提取物进行了化学表征，包括游离脂肪酸和固定脂肪酸分析。抗菌活性比较表明，田野黑种草氯仿提取物在所有测试物种中活性最强，对革兰氏阳性菌和酵母菌菌株的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值范围为0.25至1mg/mL。除东方黑种草正己烷提取物对脆弱拟杆菌生长有选择性抑制作用（MIC = 0.5mg/mL）外，我们未观察到其他黑种草物种有抗菌活性。抗炎筛选显示，当提取物浓度在两种COX测定中均为100μg/mL时，药用黑种草、东方黑种草、西班牙黑种草、田野黑种草正己烷提取物和西班牙黑种草氯仿提取物对COX-1有较强抑制活性（超过80%），东方黑种草、田野黑种草和西班牙黑种草正己烷提取物对COX-2最有效。总之，首次检测抗菌和抗炎作用的田野黑种草、东方黑种草和西班牙黑种草种子，在一项或两项测定中均显示出显著活性。
