Lanfranchi A L, Rossin M A, Timi J T
Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , Funes 3350, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina.
J Helminthol. 2009 Dec;83(4):373-8. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X09390069. Epub 2009 May 22.
The structure and composition of parasite communities of Mullus argentinae were analysed under two alternative hypotheses in a sample of 75 specimens caught off Mar del Plata, Argentina (38 degrees 27'S, 57 degrees 90'W). The first, based on the dominance of trophically transmitted larval parasites of low host-specificity among fish species in the region, predicts that infracommunities will be random subsets of regionally available species. The second, based on previous studies on other mullids, predicts that infracommunities will be dominated by adult digeneans. The parasite fauna of goatfishes was mainly composed of endoparasites, with metacercariae of Prosorhynchus australis accounting for most individual parasites and greatly affecting infracommunity descriptors. Its importance was reinforced by the low number of trophically transmitted larval parasites. Both hypotheses were refuted; parasite communities were not dominated either by trophically transmitted larval parasites of low host-specificity or by adult digeneans. Prosorhynchus australis was the only species displaying any degree of phylogenetic specificity. Therefore, the influence of phylogenetic factors seems to exceed that of ecological ones in determining the observed structure of infracommunities. However, it is precisely host ecology that allows P. australis to become the determinant of infracommunity structure by constraining the acquisition of other parasites. Studies aiming to determine the relative importance of evolutionary and ecological processes as structuring forces of parasite communities should take into account not only the identity and specificity of their component parasites, but also their availability in the compound community.
在阿根廷马德普拉塔（南纬38度27分，西经57度90分）捕获的75个阿根廷银鲈样本中，基于两种不同假设分析了其寄生虫群落的结构和组成。第一种假设基于该地区鱼类中低宿主特异性的营养传播幼虫寄生虫占主导地位，预测群落内小群落将是区域可用物种的随机子集。第二种假设基于之前对其他羊鱼科鱼类的研究，预测群落内小群落将以成年复殖吸虫为主。羊鱼的寄生虫区系主要由体内寄生虫组成，南方前吻吸虫的后尾蚴占个体寄生虫的大多数，并极大地影响了群落内小群落的描述指标。低数量的营养传播幼虫寄生虫进一步凸显了其重要性。两种假设均被推翻；寄生虫群落既不是由低宿主特异性的营养传播幼虫寄生虫主导，也不是由成年复殖吸虫主导。南方前吻吸虫是唯一显示出一定程度系统发育特异性的物种。因此，在决定观察到的群落内小群落结构方面，系统发育因素的影响似乎超过了生态因素。然而，恰恰是宿主生态学通过限制其他寄生虫的获得，使南方前吻吸虫成为群落内小群落结构的决定因素。旨在确定进化和生态过程作为寄生虫群落结构力量的相对重要性的研究，不仅应考虑其组成寄生虫的身份和特异性，还应考虑它们在复合群落中的可获得性。
