Genotoxic effects of nonylphenol and bisphenol A exposure in aquatic biomonitoring species: freshwater crustacean, Daphnia magna, and aquatic midge, Chironomus riparius.

The geno-, and eco-toxicity of nonlyphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) were investigated in Daphnia magna, and Chironomus riparius. BPA may exert a genotoxicity on both species, whereas NP-induced DNA damage occurred only in C. riparius. In NP-exposed D. magna, increased mortality, without effect on DNA integrity was observed, an example of a false-negative result from the biomarkers perspective. False-positive results from the genotoxicity were observed in BPA-exposed D. magna and in NP-exposed C. riparius. Considering the importance of genotoxic biomarkers in ecotoxicity monitoring, DNA damage in these species could provide useful information.