State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Jul;166(1-4):139-48. doi: 10.1007/s10661-009-0990-x. Epub 2009 May 28.
Wetland loss has been the major environmental problem in Sanjiang Plain, NE China in recent years because of the dramatic agricultural development. We determined the spatial associations of the wetland loss rates in an 11,000-km(2) study area for two intervals of period 1 (1975-1989) and period 2 (1989-2004) spanning 30 years by using geographic information systems. The landscape of this area was simple with five categories, composed of ten types, and including three natural wetland types--open water, marsh, and wet meadow. Extensive agriculture was the principal cultivation form in terms of large size farm units in the area. Agriculture has become the principal land use category replacing natural wetlands over the 30-year period. It has changed the whole landscape of the region and the landscape pattern, causing wetland loss and fragmentation. The wetland loss rate of the area was very different between the two intervals, while wetland loss was not uniform throughout the region and was influenced by the landscape characteristics, such as topography, geomorphology, and the location of the wetlands in the watershed. Despite the remarkable land use changes, the wetlands distribution in the landscapes was similar compared to their original pattern. These results indicated that agricultural development affected the areas more than the distribution pattern of the wetlands in this region.
近年来，由于农业的急剧发展，湿地丧失已成为中国东北三江平原的主要环境问题。我们使用地理信息系统确定了在一个 11000 平方公里的研究区域内两个时间段（1975-1989 年和 1989-2004 年）的湿地丧失率的空间关联，跨越了 30 年。该地区的景观简单，由五类组成，包括三种天然湿地类型——开阔水域、沼泽和湿地草甸。大规模的农业单位使该地区以广泛的农业为主要种植形式。30 年来，农业已成为取代天然湿地的主要土地利用类别。它改变了该地区的整个景观和景观格局，导致湿地丧失和破碎化。该地区在两个时间段的湿地丧失率差异很大，而湿地丧失在整个地区并不均匀，受到地形、地貌和湿地在流域中的位置等景观特征的影响。尽管土地利用发生了显著变化，但与原始模式相比，景观中的湿地分布相似。这些结果表明，农业发展对该地区的影响大于湿地的分布模式。
