Williams A Mark
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Prog Brain Res. 2009;174:73-83. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(09)01307-7.
In this chapter, the processes underpinning anticipation skill in dynamic, sport tasks are reviewed. A number of perceptual-cognitive skills that contribute to our ability to perceive the intentions of opponents are highlighted, such as the ability to: (a) pick up advance information from an opponent's postural orientation, (b) identify stimulus familiarity in patterns of play, (c) explore the visual scene in an efficient and effective manner, and (d) ascertain the most likely options facing an opponent at any given moment in time. A framework is presented to illustrate how these different perceptual-cognitive skills interact in a continuous and dynamic manner during performance. Finally, an attempt is made to illustrate how the interaction between these perceptual-cognitive skills, as well as the nature of the link between perception and action, may be influenced by player, task, and situational constraints.
在本章中，我们回顾了支撑动态运动任务中预判技能的过程。着重介绍了一些有助于我们感知对手意图的感知认知技能，例如：(a) 从对手的姿势取向中获取提前信息的能力；(b) 在比赛模式中识别刺激熟悉度的能力；(c) 以高效且有效的方式探索视觉场景的能力；以及 (d) 确定对手在任何给定时刻最可能面临的选择的能力。提出了一个框架，以说明这些不同的感知认知技能在表现过程中是如何以连续和动态的方式相互作用的。最后，试图说明这些感知认知技能之间的相互作用，以及感知与行动之间联系的性质，可能会受到运动员、任务和情境限制的哪些影响。
