Wyble Brad, Bowman Howard, Nieuwenstein Mark
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Jun;35(3):787-807. doi: 10.1037/a0013902.
The attentional blink (J. E. Raymond, K. L. Shapiro, & K. M. Arnell, 1992) refers to an apparent gap in perception observed when a second target follows a first within several hundred milliseconds. Theoretical and computational work have provided explanations for early sets of blink data, but more recent data have challenged these accounts by showing that the blink is attenuated when subjects encode strings of stimuli (J. Kawahara, T. Kumada, & V. Di Lollo, 2006; M. R. Nieuwenstein & M. C. Potter, 2006; C. N. Olivers, 2007) or are distracted (C. N. Olivers & S. Nieuwenhuis, 2005) while viewing the rapid serial visual presentation stream. The authors describe the episodic simultaneous type, serial token model, a computational account of encoding visual stimuli into working memory that suggests that the attentional blink is a cognitive strategy rather than a resource limitation. This model is composed of neurobiologically plausible elements and simulates the attentional blink with a competitive attentional mechanism that facilitates the formation of episodically distinct representations within working memory. In addition to addressing the blink, the model addresses the phenomena of repetition blindness and whole report superiority, producing predictions that are supported by experimental work.
注意瞬脱现象（J. E. 雷蒙德、K. L. 夏皮罗和K. M. 阿内尔，1992年）指的是当第二个目标在几百毫秒内跟随第一个目标出现时所观察到的一种明显的感知间隙。理论和计算方面的研究工作已经对早期的瞬脱数据做出了解释，但最近的数据对这些解释提出了挑战，这些数据表明，当受试者对刺激序列进行编码时（J. 川原、T. 熊田和V. 迪洛洛，2006年；M. R. 纽文斯坦和M. C. 波特，2006年；C. N. 奥利弗斯，2007年），或者在观看快速序列视觉呈现流时被分心（C. N. 奥利弗斯和S. 纽文huis，2005年），瞬脱现象会减弱。作者描述了情景同时类型、序列令牌模型，这是一种将视觉刺激编码到工作记忆中的计算解释，表明注意瞬脱是一种认知策略而非资源限制。该模型由神经生物学上合理的元素组成，并用一种竞争性注意机制模拟注意瞬脱，这种机制有助于在工作记忆中形成情景上不同的表征。除了解决瞬脱问题外，该模型还解决了重复失明和整体报告优势现象，做出了得到实验工作支持的预测。
