Pitt Mark A
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1222, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Jun;35(3):896-910. doi: 10.1037/a0013160.
Spoken words undergo frequent and often predictable variation in pronunciation. One form of variation is medial /t/ deletion, in which words like center and cantaloupe are pronounced without acoustic cues indicative of syllable-initial /t/. Three experiments examined the consequences of this missing phonetic information on lexical activation. In Experiment 1, the Ganong Paradigm (W. F. Ganong, 1980) was used to measure the strength of activation of /t/-deleted variants, comparing labeling and response time results with their citation counterparts. Phonemic restoration was used in Experiment 2 to generalize the results. In Experiment 3, Experiment 1 was replicated with a large number of trials so that the time course of activation could be mapped. Results show that lexical influences on labeling begin sooner and reach a higher level for the citation than for the /t/-deleted variant, although the overall shapes of their activation profiles are similar.
口语中的单词在发音上会经常出现且往往是可预测的变化。其中一种变化形式是词中/t/的省略，像center（中心）和cantaloupe（哈密瓜）这样的词在发音时没有表明音节开头/t/的声学线索。三项实验研究了这种缺失的语音信息对词汇激活的影响。在实验1中，使用了加农范式（W. F. 加农，1980）来测量/t/省略变体的激活强度，将标记和反应时间结果与其引用形式进行比较。实验2中使用了音素恢复来推广结果。在实验3中，对实验1进行了大量试验的重复，以便能够描绘激活的时间进程。结果表明，尽管引用形式和/t/省略变体的激活曲线总体形状相似，但词汇对标记的影响在引用形式中开始得更早且达到的水平更高。
