Bar-David Y, Urkin J, Landau D, Bar-David Z, Pilpel D
Division of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center and Primary Pediatric Care Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2009 Oct;22(5):455-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2009.00960.x. Epub 2009 May 26.
Voluntary dehydration is a condition where humans do not drink appropriately in the presence of an adequate fluid supply. This may adversely affect their physical and intellectual performance. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of voluntary dehydration among elementary school children of different ethnicities and countries of birth.
Four hundred and twenty-nine elementary school children, aged 8-10 years, from four subpopulations (Israeli-born Jewish and Bedouin-Arab children, and immigrant children who recently arrived to Israel from Eastern Europe and from Ethiopia) were studied. The level of dehydration was determined by noontime urine osmolality, from samples taken over 1 week in mid-summer. Urine osmolality <500 mOsmol kg(-1) H(2)O was considered to be an appropriate level of hydration.
Mean urine osmolality was 862 +/- 211 mOsmol kg(-1) H(2)O. Osmolality above 800 mOsmol kg(-1) H(2)O was detected in 67.5% of the urine samples; among these, 25% were above 1000 mOsmol kg(-1) H(2)O. The most dehydrated group was that of Israeli-born Jewish children, whereas the Bedouin-Arab children were the least dehydrated.
A high proportion of children who reside in a hot and arid environment were found to be in a state of moderate to severe dehydration. Bedouin ethnicity was associated with better hydration, whereas Israeli-born Jews were most severely dehydrated. Educational intervention programmes promoting water intake should start in early childhood and continue throughout life.
自愿性脱水是指在有充足液体供应的情况下，人体未能适当饮水的一种状况。这可能会对其身体和智力表现产生不利影响。本研究旨在描述不同种族和出生国的小学生中自愿性脱水的患病率。
对来自四个亚群体（以色列出生的犹太儿童和贝都因 - 阿拉伯儿童，以及最近从东欧和埃塞俄比亚抵达以色列的移民儿童）的429名8 - 10岁的小学生进行了研究。通过仲夏时节1周内采集的中午尿液样本的渗透压来确定脱水程度。尿液渗透压<500 mOsmol kg⁻¹ H₂O被认为是适当的水合水平。
平均尿液渗透压为862±211 mOsmol kg⁻¹ H₂O。在67.5%的尿液样本中检测到渗透压高于800 mOsmol kg⁻¹ H₂O；其中，25%高于1000 mOsmol kg⁻¹ H₂O。脱水最严重的群体是以色列出生的犹太儿童，而贝都因 - 阿拉伯儿童脱水程度最轻。
发现居住在炎热干旱环境中的儿童中，有很大比例处于中度至重度脱水状态。贝都因族裔与更好的水合状态相关，而以色列出生的犹太人脱水最为严重。促进饮水的教育干预项目应从幼儿期开始并贯穿一生。
