Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100191, China.
Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100191, China.
Int J Clin Pract. 2022 Oct 17;2022:9436186. doi: 10.1155/2022/9436186. eCollection 2022.
Studies on the water intake of athletes in daily life are insufficient. The objective was to determine the water intake and hydration status among physically active male young adults. In this cross-sectional studies study, 111 physically active male young adults were recruited. The amount of daily total drinking fluid intake (TDF) among participants was recorded and evaluated in real time over 7 days using the "7-day 24-hour fluid intake questionnaire" (liq. In 7). The daily water intake from food (WFF) was calculated using the weighing, duplicate portion, and direct-drying method over 3 days. All urine samples over 3 days were collected, and urine biomarkers were determined. According to 24 h urine osmolality, the participants were divided into three groups with euhydration status, middle hydration, and hypo hydration statuses. Finally, 109 participants completed the study. The median daily total water intake (TWI), TDF, and WFF were 2701, ik1789, and 955 mL, respectively. Among participants, 17 participants (16%) were in euhydration status, 47 participants (43%) were in hypohydration, and 45 participants (41%) were in middle hydration. There were statistical significances in the 24 h urine volume, osmolality, urine specific gravity, and concentrations of K, Na, and Cl in different hydration statuses ( = 28.212, < 0.01; = 91.341, < 0.01; = 47.721, < 0.01; = 41.548, < 0.01; = 46.863, < 0.01; and = 40.839, < 0.01). Moderate-intensity correlations were found between the TDF and 24 h urine volume, 24 h urine osmolality, 24 h urine Na concentration, morning urine osmolality, and morning urine Na concentration ( = 0.408, < 0.01; = -0.378, < 0.01; = -0.325, < 0.01; = -0.344, < 0.01; and = -0.329, < 0.01). There were also moderate-intensity correlations between the TDF and 24 h urine osmolality, morning urine osmolality, and morning urine Na concentration ( = -0.365, < 0.01; = -0.371, < 0.01; and = -0.322, = 0.01). Increased and higher moderate-intensity correlations were found between plain water and 24 h urine volume, 24 h urine osmolality, 24 h urine K and Na concentration, morning urine osmolality, and morning urine Na concentration ( = 0.374, < 0.01; = -0.520, < 0.01; = -0.312, < 0.01; = -0.355, < 0.01; = -0.446, < 0.01; and = -0.378, < 0.01). Insufficient water intake and hypohydration were common among physically active male young adults. The amount and type of water intake were correlated with hydration status and urine biomarkers. The results could provide scientific and accurate references for the development of recommendations on water intake for athletes.
关于日常生活中运动员饮水量的研究不足。本研究旨在确定活跃的年轻男性的水摄入量和水合状态。在这项横断面研究中，招募了 111 名活跃的年轻男性。通过“7 天 24 小时液体摄入问卷”（liq. 在 7 中）实时记录并评估参与者在 7 天内的每日总液体摄入量（TDF）。通过称重、双份部分和直接干燥法计算每日食物中的水摄入量（WFF），共收集 3 天的所有尿液样本，并测定尿液生物标志物。根据 24 小时尿渗透压，将参与者分为水合状态正常、中度水合和低水平水合 3 组。最终，109 名参与者完成了研究。中位每日总水摄入量（TWI）、TDF 和 WFF 分别为 2701、1789 和 955ml。在参与者中，17 名（16%）处于水合状态正常，47 名（43%）处于低水平水合，45 名（41%）处于中度水合。不同水合状态的 24 小时尿量、渗透压、尿比重以及 K、Na 和 Cl 浓度均存在统计学差异（ = 28.212， < 0.01； = 91.341， < 0.01； = 47.721， < 0.01； = 41.548， < 0.01； = 46.863， < 0.01；和 = 40.839， < 0.01）。TDF 与 24 小时尿量、24 小时尿渗透压、24 小时尿 Na 浓度、晨尿渗透压和晨尿 Na 浓度呈中度正相关（ = 0.408， < 0.01； = -0.378， < 0.01； = -0.325， < 0.01； = -0.344， < 0.01；和 = -0.329， < 0.01）。TDF 与 24 小时尿渗透压、晨尿渗透压和晨尿 Na 浓度也呈中度正相关（ = -0.365， < 0.01； = -0.371， < 0.01；和 = -0.322， = 0.01）。与水相比，白开水与 24 小时尿量、24 小时尿渗透压、24 小时尿 K 和 Na 浓度、晨尿渗透压和晨尿 Na 浓度的相关性更高（ = 0.374， < 0.01； = -0.520， < 0.01； = -0.312， < 0.01； = -0.355， < 0.01； = -0.446， < 0.01；和 = -0.378， < 0.01）。活跃的年轻男性中普遍存在水分摄入不足和低水平水合状态。水的摄入量和类型与水合状态和尿液生物标志物相关。结果可为运动员饮水推荐的制定提供科学准确的参考。
