Mikels Joseph A, Reed Andrew E
Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009 Jun;64(4):457-60. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbp043. Epub 2009 Jun 4.
Studies of the framing effect indicate that individuals are risk averse for decisions framed as gains but risk seeking for decisions framed as losses. However, findings regarding age-related changes in susceptibility to framing are mixed. Recent work demonstrating age-related decreases in reactivity to anticipated monetary losses, but not gains, suggests that older and younger adults might show equivalent risk aversion for gains but discrepant risk seeking for losses. In the current study, older and younger adults completed a monetary gambling task in which they chose between sure options and risky gambles (the expected outcomes of which were equated). Although both groups demonstrated risk aversion in the gain frame, only younger adults showed risk seeking in the loss frame.
框架效应的研究表明，个体在面对以收益为框架的决策时表现出风险规避，而在面对以损失为框架的决策时表现出风险寻求。然而，关于框架易感性与年龄相关变化的研究结果并不一致。最近的研究表明，与年龄相关的对预期金钱损失而非收益的反应性降低，这表明老年人和年轻人在面对收益时可能表现出同等的风险规避，但在面对损失时的风险寻求存在差异。在当前的研究中，老年人和年轻人完成了一项金钱赌博任务，在该任务中他们要在确定选项和风险赌博（两者预期结果相等）之间做出选择。虽然两组在收益框架下都表现出风险规避，但只有年轻人在损失框架下表现出风险寻求。
