Martin P J, Moore J E, Friedmeyer M H, Claveaux R A
J Clin Psychol. 1977 Jul;33(3):827-33. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197707)33:3<827::aid-jclp2270330346>3.0.co;2-f.
It has been hypothesized (a) that patients' expectancies for therapeutic gain are linked to the clinical improvement that the patients realize in treatment; and (b) that patients' expectancies may play a causative role in such improvement. The first hypothesis has received empirical support, but the second has not. This study tested the causativeinterpretation of patients' expectancies and a second interpretation, which states that patients' expectancies predict, but do not cause clinical improvement. The shape of thelink between expectancy and improvement for hospitalized schizophrenics was explored. Based on motivation research it was reasoned that a curvilinear relationship between expectancy and improvement would support a causative interpretation and that a linear relationship would support a predictive interpretation of the nature of expectancy. Multiple regression analyses found a linear relationship between expectancies and objective measures of improvement for the patients, but no evidence of a curvilinear relationship between these measures. The results were interpreted as supporting a predictive interpretation of the expectancies of hospitalized schizophrenic patients.
（a）患者对治疗效果的期望与患者在治疗中实现的临床改善相关；（b）患者的期望可能在这种改善中起因果作用。第一个假设得到了实证支持，但第二个假设没有。本研究检验了对患者期望的因果解释以及另一种解释，即患者的期望可预测但不会导致临床改善。研究探讨了住院精神分裂症患者期望与改善之间联系的形式。基于动机研究推断，期望与改善之间的曲线关系将支持因果解释，而线性关系将支持对期望本质的预测性解释。多元回归分析发现患者的期望与改善的客观指标之间存在线性关系，但没有证据表明这些指标之间存在曲线关系。结果被解释为支持对住院精神分裂症患者期望的预测性解释。
