Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, L Califano and IEOS/CNR, University FEDERICO II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Med Oncol. 2010 Jun;27(2):495-509. doi: 10.1007/s12032-009-9241-9. Epub 2009 Jun 6.
The debate about the health risks from low doses of radiation is vigorous and often acrimonious since many years and does not appear to weaken. Being far from completeness, this review presents only a bird's eye view on current concepts and research in the field. It is organized and divided in two parts. The first is dedicated to molecular responses determined by radiation-induced DNA ruptures. It focuses its attention on molecular pathways that are activated by ATM and tries to describe the variegated functions and specific roles of Chk2 and p53 and other proteins in sensing, promoting and executing DNA repair. The second part is more concerned with the risk associated with exposure to low dose radiation and possible effects that the radiation-affected cell may undergo. These effects include induction of apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe, bystander effect and genomic instability, senescence and hormetic response. Current hypotheses and research on these issues are briefly discussed.
关于低剂量辐射的健康风险的争论由来已久，且通常十分激烈，多年来未见缓和。由于这一问题远未得到彻底解决，本篇综述仅对该领域当前的概念和研究提供一个简要概述。本文分为两部分。第一部分专注于由辐射诱导的 DNA 断裂所决定的分子反应，重点介绍了 ATM 激活的分子途径，并尝试描述 Chk2 和 p53 等蛋白在感知、促进和执行 DNA 修复过程中的多样化功能和特定作用。第二部分更关注与低剂量辐射暴露相关的风险，以及受辐射影响的细胞可能经历的潜在影响。这些影响包括凋亡和有丝分裂灾难、旁观者效应和基因组不稳定性、衰老和应激反应。本文对这些问题的当前假说和研究进行了简要讨论。
