Schmid Katharina, Hewstone Miles, Tausch Nicole, Cairns Ed, Hughes Joanne
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2009 Aug;35(8):1085-98. doi: 10.1177/0146167209337037. Epub 2009 Jun 8.
Social identity complexity defines people's more or less complex cognitive representations of the interrelationships among their multiple ingroup identities. Being high in complexity is contingent on situational, cognitive, or motivational factors, and has positive consequences for intergroup relations. Two survey studies conducted in Northern Ireland examined the extent to which intergroup contact and distinctiveness threat act as antecedents, and outgroup attitudes as consequences, of social identity complexity. In both studies, contact was positively, and distinctiveness threat negatively, associated with complex multiple ingroup perceptions, whereas respondents with more complex identity structures also reported more favorable outgroup attitudes. Social identity complexity also mediated the effects of contact and distinctiveness threat on attitudes. This research highlights that the extent to which individuals perceive their multiple ingroups in more or less complex and differentiated ways is of central importance to understanding intergroup phenomena.
社会身份复杂性定义了人们对其多个内群体身份之间相互关系的或多或少复杂的认知表征。复杂性高取决于情境、认知或动机因素，并对群体间关系产生积极影响。在北爱尔兰进行的两项调查研究考察了群体间接触和独特性威胁作为社会身份复杂性的前因以及群体外态度作为后果的程度。在两项研究中，接触与复杂的多个内群体认知呈正相关，而独特性威胁与复杂的多个内群体认知呈负相关，而具有更复杂身份结构的受访者也报告了更积极的群体外态度。社会身份复杂性也介导了接触和独特性威胁对态度的影响。这项研究强调，个体以或多或少复杂和有差异的方式感知其多个内群体的程度对于理解群体间现象至关重要。
