Martel Michelle M
Psychology Department, University of New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009 Sep;50(9):1042-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02105.x. Epub 2009 Jun 5.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common example of developmental psychopathology that might be able to be better understood by taking an emotion regulation perspective. As discussed herein, emotion regulation is understood to consist of two component processes, emotion (e.g., positive and negative emotionality) and regulation (e.g., effortful and reactive forms of control), which interact with one another at the behavioral level. Review of work to date suggests that the heterogeneous behavioral category of ADHD may encompass two distinct kinds of inputs: inattentive ADHD symptoms may be primarily associated with breakdowns in the regulation side, whereas hyperactivity-impulsive ADHD symptoms may be associated with breakdowns in the emotionality side. It is argued that breakdowns in control may be a signature for ADHD specifically, while increased negative emotionality may serve as non-specific risk factors for disruptive behavior disorders, explaining their comorbidity. Increased understanding of the interrelations and interactions of component emotion regulation processes may elucidate developmental, sex, and neural mechanisms of ADHD and associated comorbid disruptive disorders.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是发展性精神病理学的一个常见例子，从情绪调节的角度可能能够更好地理解它。如本文所讨论的，情绪调节被理解为由两个组成过程组成，即情绪（例如积极和消极情绪）和调节（例如努力控制和反应性控制形式），它们在行为层面上相互作用。对迄今为止的研究工作的回顾表明，ADHD的异质性行为类别可能包括两种不同的输入：注意力不集中的ADHD症状可能主要与调节方面的故障有关，而多动冲动的ADHD症状可能与情绪方面的故障有关。有人认为，控制方面的故障可能是ADHD的一个特征，而消极情绪的增加可能是破坏性行为障碍的非特异性风险因素，这解释了它们的共病现象。对情绪调节组成过程的相互关系和相互作用的更多理解可能会阐明ADHD以及相关共病破坏性行为障碍的发展、性别和神经机制。
