Fabrication of photonic crystals with tunable surface orientation by holographic lithography.

We demonstrate a novel approach for easy fabrication of 3 dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PhCs) with adjustable surface orientation by introducing a specially designed matching prism into the previously reported single-beam laser holographic lithography. Large area (over 1 cm(2)) face-centered cubic (fcc) -type microstructures with (111) and (811) surface orientations have been produced to demonstrate the capability and feasibility of this method. The reflection and transmission measurement agrees well with the corresponding band structure calculation. This method will open a new approach to study the surface-orientation related phenomena such as negative refraction in 3D PhCs, which is very difficult to be realized by other fabricating techniques.