Hurley Noah, Kamau Steve, Cui Jingbiao, Lin Yuankun
Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Jun 9;14(6):1217. doi: 10.3390/mi14061217.
A moiré photonic crystal is an optical analog of twisted graphene. A 3D moiré photonic crystal is a new nano-/microstructure that is distinguished from bilayer twisted photonic crystals. Holographic fabrication of a 3D moiré photonic crystal is very difficult due to the coexistence of the bright and dark regions, where the exposure threshold is suitable for one region but not for the other. In this paper, we study the holographic fabrication of 3D moiré photonic crystals using an integrated system of a single reflective optical element (ROE) and a spatial light modulator (SLM) where nine beams (four inner beams + four outer beams + central beam) are overlapped. By modifying the phase and amplitude of the interfering beams, the interference patterns of 3D moiré photonic crystals are systemically simulated and compared with the holographic structures to gain a comprehensive understanding of SLM-based holographic fabrication. We report the holographic fabrication of phase and beam intensity ratio-dependent 3D moiré photonic crystals and their structural characterization. Superlattices modulated in the z-direction of 3D moiré photonic crystals have been discovered. This comprehensive study provides guidance for future pixel-by-pixel phase engineering in SLM for complex holographic structures.
莫尔光子晶体是扭曲石墨烯的光学类似物。三维莫尔光子晶体是一种新型的纳米/微结构，与双层扭曲光子晶体不同。由于亮区和暗区共存，其中曝光阈值适用于一个区域而不适用于另一个区域，三维莫尔光子晶体的全息制造非常困难。在本文中，我们研究了使用单个反射光学元件（ROE）和空间光调制器（SLM）的集成系统对三维莫尔光子晶体进行全息制造，其中九束光（四束内光束+四束外光束+中心光束）重叠。通过修改干涉光束的相位和幅度，系统地模拟了三维莫尔光子晶体的干涉图案，并与全息结构进行了比较，以全面了解基于SLM的全息制造。我们报道了相位和光束强度比相关的三维莫尔光子晶体的全息制造及其结构表征。已发现三维莫尔光子晶体在z方向上调制的超晶格。这项全面的研究为未来在SLM中针对复杂全息结构进行逐像素相位工程提供了指导。
