Lin Jun, Liu Wei, Li Yan, Bao Liang-Man, Li Yu-Lan, Xu Zhong-Yang, Wu Wei-Wei, Chen Dong-Liang, He Wei
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2009 Apr 15;30(4):982-7.
The elemental size distributions of airborne fine/ultrafine particulate matters in the suburb of Shanghai were studied using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. Median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), elemental correlation coefficient as well as enrichment factor (EF) of each size fraction were calculated to characterize the sources of elements in fine/ultrafine particulate matters. Ca and Ti distributed mainly in coarse particles (> 2 microm) with size independent enrichment factors between 0.1 and 3.2, and the correlation coefficient between Ca and Ti was as high as 0.933, which implied strong contribution from nature sources, such as soil dusts and resuspended dusts. However, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cl, S mainly distributed in 0.1-1.0 microm particulate matters with MMAD between 0.56-0.94 microm. The EF of V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb increased with decreasing particle size. The highest EF were found for Pb in ultrafine particulate matters (< 0.1 microm) with EF of 2,023.7-2,244.2. The evidences suggested that these elements were significantly influenced by anthropogenic sources and enriched in fine/ultrafine particles smaller than 1 microm. Fe distributed uniformly in the particles larger than 0.2 microm with MMAD of 1.3 microm. The results indicated non-negligible influences of remote transmission of anthropogenic pollutions.
利用同步辐射X射线荧光技术研究了上海郊区空气中细/超细颗粒物的元素粒径分布。计算了各粒径段的质量中值空气动力学直径（MMAD）、元素相关系数以及富集因子（EF），以表征细/超细颗粒物中元素的来源。Ca和Ti主要分布在粗颗粒（>2微米）中，粒径独立富集因子在0.1至3.2之间，Ca和Ti之间的相关系数高达0.933，这意味着土壤粉尘和再悬浮粉尘等自然源的贡献很大。然而，V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cl、S主要分布在0.1 - 1.0微米的颗粒物中，MMAD在0.56 - 0.94微米之间。V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb的EF随粒径减小而增加。在超细颗粒物（<0.1微米）中，Pb的EF最高，为2023.7 - 2244.2。这些证据表明，这些元素受人为源影响显著，并在小于1微米的细/超细颗粒中富集。Fe在大于0.2微米的颗粒中均匀分布，MMAD为1.3微米。结果表明人为污染的远距离传输影响不可忽视。
