评判远近的善恶。
Judging near and distant virtue and vice.
作者信息
Eyal Tal, Liberman Nira, Trope Yaacov
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
出版信息
J Exp Soc Psychol. 2008 Jul 1;44(4):1204-1209. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.03.012.
We propose that people judge immoral acts as more offensive and moral acts as more virtuous when the acts are psychologically distant than near. This is because people construe more distant situations in terms of moral principles, rather than attenuating situation-specific considerations. Results of four studies support these predictions. Study 1 shows that more temporally distant transgressions (e.g., eating one's dead dog) are construed in terms of moral principles rather than contextual information. Studies 2 and 3 further show that morally offensive actions are judged more severely when imagined from a more distant temporal (Study 2) or social (Study 3) perspective. Finally, Study 4 shows that moral acts (e.g., adopting a disabled child) are judged more positively from temporal distance. The findings suggest that people more readily apply their moral principles to distant rather than proximal behaviors.
我们提出，当不道德行为和道德行为在心理上较为遥远而非贴近时，人们会认为不道德行为更具冒犯性，道德行为更具美德性。这是因为人们依据道德原则来解读更遥远的情境，而非弱化针对具体情境的考量。四项研究的结果支持了这些预测。研究1表明，时间上更遥远的违规行为（例如，食用自己死去的狗）是依据道德原则而非情境信息来解读的。研究2和3进一步表明，当从更遥远的时间（研究2）或社会（研究3）视角去想象时，道德上冒犯性的行为会受到更严厉的评判。最后，研究4表明，从时间距离来看，道德行为（例如，收养残疾儿童）会得到更积极的评判。这些发现表明，人们更愿意将自己的道德原则应用于遥远而非贴近的行为。
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