Bashaye Seife, Nombela Nohelly, Argaw Daniel, Mulugeta Abate, Herrero Merce, Nieto Javier, Chicharro Carmen, Cañavate Carmen, Aparicio Pilar, Vélez Iván Darío, Alvar Jorge, Bern Caryn
Malaria & Other Vector Borne Diseases, Prevention and Control Program, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Jul;81(1):34-9.
We conducted a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis during an epidemic in a previously unaffected district of Ethiopia. We also collected blood and bone marrow specimens from dogs in the outbreak villages. In multivariable analyses of 171 matched case-control pairs, dog ownership, sleeping under an acacia tree during the day, and habitually sleeping outside at night were associated with significantly increased risk. Specimens from 7 (3.8%) dogs were positive by immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), whereas Leishmania DNA was detected in 5 (2.8%) bone marrow aspirates (from 3 seropositive and 2 seronegative dogs). Insecticide-treated nets may only protect a portion of those at risk. Further research on the vectors, the role of the dog in the transmission cycle, and the effect of candidate interventions are needed to design the best strategy for control.
我们开展了一项病例对照研究，以评估在埃塞俄比亚一个此前未受影响地区的内脏利什曼病疫情期间的风险因素。我们还从疫情爆发村庄的狗身上采集了血液和骨髓样本。在对171对匹配的病例对照进行多变量分析时，养狗、白天在金合欢树下睡觉以及夜间习惯睡在户外与风险显著增加相关。7只（3.8%）狗的样本通过免疫荧光抗体试验（IFAT）和两种酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）呈阳性，而在5份（2.8%）骨髓穿刺物（来自3只血清阳性和2只血清阴性的狗）中检测到利什曼原虫DNA。经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐可能仅能保护部分高危人群。需要对传播媒介、狗在传播循环中的作用以及候选干预措施的效果进行进一步研究，以制定最佳的控制策略。
