Gedamu Atsedemariam Nigus, Andargie Asrat Atsedeweyn, Aguade Aragaw Eshetie, Tezera Samuel Derso
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
J Trop Med. 2024 Nov 26;2024:5554577. doi: 10.1155/jotm/5554577. eCollection 2024.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the public health issues in some areas of Ethiopia, and over 3.2 million people are at risk with an estimated 4000 new cases occurring each year in the country. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of VL and its associated risk factors in Addis Zemen Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected from Addis Zemen Health Center and meteorological office in Addis Ababa from 2012 to 2016. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the determinants of VL. According to the result obtained from the retrospective data analysis, a total of 4100 suspected VL patients diagnosed by rk39 in Addis Zemen Health Center from Libokemkem and nearby districts. The overall prevalence of VL among study participants were 30% (1230/4100). Of this, the prevalence of VL among male and female study participants was 86.8% and 13.2%, respectively. The proportion of sex infected by VL was 3.26 times higher in male than female (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.42-4.40). The risk of acquiring VL in those people living in rural area was 62% more likely than those residing in urban (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.29-2.04). People that were traveled to the endemic area of VL were 18.44 times more likely to be affected than the people who have not traveled once (AOR = : 18.44, 95% CI: 14.49-23.47). Age, sex, residence, season, travel history to endemic areas, and mean monthly precipitation were found to be statistically significant for VL at 5% significance level. The prevalence of VL in the present study was high with the highest prevalence in the rural areas. Therefore, there is a need of the immediate establishment of sound control and prevention program in rural areas.
内脏利什曼病（VL）是埃塞俄比亚部分地区的公共卫生问题之一，该国超过320万人面临风险，估计每年有4000例新发病例。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西北部阿迪斯泽门健康中心VL的患病率及其相关危险因素。数据于2012年至2016年从阿迪斯泽门健康中心和亚的斯亚贝巴的气象办公室收集。进行单因素和多因素分析以确定VL的决定因素。根据回顾性数据分析结果，阿迪斯泽门健康中心共诊断出4100例来自利博凯姆凯姆及周边地区的疑似VL患者，通过rk39检测确诊。研究参与者中VL的总体患病率为30%（1230/4100）。其中，男性和女性研究参与者中VL的患病率分别为86.8%和13.2%。男性感染VL的比例比女性高3.26倍（比值比[AOR]=3.26，95%置信区间[CI]：2.42 - 4.40）。居住在农村地区的人感染VL的风险比居住在城市的人高62%（AOR = 1.62，95% CI：1.29 - 2.04）。前往VL流行地区的人受影响的可能性是从未去过的人的18.44倍（AOR = 18.44，95% CI：14.49 - 23.47）。在5%的显著性水平下，年龄、性别、居住地、季节、前往流行地区的旅行史和月平均降水量被发现对VL具有统计学意义。本研究中VL的患病率很高，农村地区患病率最高。因此，需要立即在农村地区建立完善的控制和预防计划。
