Moody D E, Crouch D J, Smith R P, Cresalia C W, Francom P, Wilkins D G, Rollins D E
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
J Forensic Sci. 1991 Sep;36(5):1474-84.
Postaccident testing of railroad employees for drugs and alcohol was performed in 175 qualifying accidents or incidents (events) from April 1987 through March 1988. Initial tests for drugs were performed on urine, and for alcohol on blood. Presumptive positives were confirmed and quantitated using both blood and urine when available. In 42 of these events (24%), at least 1 employee tested positive (6.7% of 736 employees) for drugs or alcohol. A higher proportion of drug or alcohol-positive events, or both, 40 versus 21%, was found when a fatality was involved. In 11 of the 32 fully investigated drug or alcohol-positive events (involving 14 employees), the investigating agencies determined that substance use was determined to be a probable cause of, or a factor relating to, the accident. Cannabinoids, ethanol, cocaine, or multiple-drug use were found in 5, 3, 3, and 3 of those employees, respectively. Detectable drug and alcohol use occurs among railroad employees; occasionally it has resulted in accidents.
1987年4月至1988年3月期间，对175起符合条件的事故或事件中的铁路员工进行了事故后药物和酒精检测。药物的初始检测在尿液中进行，酒精的检测在血液中进行。如有可用的血液和尿液样本，推定阳性结果会通过两者进行确认和定量。在这些事件中，有42起（24%）至少有1名员工药物或酒精检测呈阳性（占736名员工的6.7%）。当涉及死亡事故时，发现药物或酒精阳性事件或两者皆有的比例更高，分别为40%和21%。在32起经过全面调查的药物或酒精阳性事件（涉及14名员工）中，有11起调查机构认定物质使用被确定为事故的可能原因或相关因素。在这些员工中，分别有5名、3名、3名和3名检测出大麻素、乙醇、可卡因或多种药物使用。铁路员工中存在可检测到的药物和酒精使用情况；偶尔会导致事故发生。
