Bannister J V
Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield Institute of Technology, Bedford, United Kingdom.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1991;27(1):145-7.
Biosensors represent a new generation of analytical instruments incorporating a biological sensing element in contact with a physical transducer and an output device. The biological element may be a whole organism, an organelle, an enzyme, an antibody, cell receptors or nucleic acids. The transducer converts the interaction between the biological component and the sample into a measurable signal which could be an electrical charge, an optical signal, a heat exchanger or some other quantifiable event. In recent years, electrochemical sensors based on continuous potentiometric or amperometric detection of enzyme reaction products have been favoured in the development of biosensors. This is because electrochemical transducers are cheap, rapid to use and portable.
生物传感器代表了新一代分析仪器，它包含一个与物理换能器和输出设备相接触的生物传感元件。生物元件可以是整个生物体、细胞器、酶、抗体、细胞受体或核酸。换能器将生物成分与样品之间的相互作用转换为可测量的信号，该信号可以是电荷、光信号、热交换器或其他一些可量化的事件。近年来，基于对酶反应产物进行连续电位或安培检测的电化学传感器在生物传感器的开发中受到青睐。这是因为电化学换能器价格便宜、使用快速且便于携带。
