Schubot D B, Cayley W, Eliason B C
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Fam Med. 1996 Nov-Dec;28(10):726-31.
Two recent studies showed that personal values influence specialty choice. However, both studies assessed the perceived influence of values instead of measuring values directly. The present study measured and compared the values of aspirants to primary care versus other specialties.
In 1993, first-year medical students, entering residents, and graduating residents at a private Midwestern medical school completed a questionnaire on their specialty aspirations and completed the Schwartz Values Survey, which measures the importance of 10 types of values: achievement, benevolence, conformity, hedonism, power, security, self-direction, stimulation, tradition, and universalism. A three-factor MANOVA (specialty aspiration, gender, level of training) was performed on the importance ratings.
The three MANOVA main effects were significant. Primary care aspirants rated power and self-direction values lower and benevolence values higher than did aspirants to other specialties. Women gave higher ratings to universalism and benevolence and lower ratings to power, tradition, and conformity values than did men. Medical students rated security values lower than did the two resident groups.
This study demonstrates the relationship of personal values and specialty choice and provides empirical support for admissions policies that incorporate personal values into the admissions process.
最近的两项研究表明个人价值观会影响专业选择。然而，这两项研究均评估了价值观的感知影响，而非直接衡量价值观。本研究对初级保健专业与其他专业的有志者的价值观进行了测量与比较。
1993年，一所位于中西部的私立医学院的一年级医学生、住院医师新生及即将毕业的住院医师完成了一份关于其专业志向的问卷，并完成了施瓦茨价值观问卷，该问卷测量了10种价值观的重要性：成就、仁爱、遵从、享乐主义、权力、安全、自我导向、刺激、传统和普遍主义。对重要性评分进行了三因素多变量方差分析（专业志向、性别、培训水平）。
三因素多变量方差分析的三个主效应均显著。与其他专业的有志者相比，初级保健专业的有志者对权力和自我导向价值观的评分较低，对仁爱价值观的评分较高。与男性相比，女性对普遍主义和仁爱的评分较高，对权力、传统和遵从价值观的评分较低。医学生对安全价值观的评分低于两组住院医师。
本研究证明了个人价值观与专业选择之间的关系，并为将个人价值观纳入招生过程的招生政策提供了实证支持。
