Eriksson Kimmo, Strimling Pontus
Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.
School of Education, Culture and Communication, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
Front Psychol. 2023 Mar 9;14:1131837. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1131837. eCollection 2023.
Among 15-year-olds, boys tend to report higher life satisfaction than girls. Recent research has shown that this gender gap tends to be larger in more gender-egalitarian countries. We shed light on this apparent paradox by examining the mediating role of two psychological dispositions: competitiveness and fear of failure. Using data from the 2018 PISA study, we analyze the life satisfaction, competitiveness, and fear of failure of more than 400,000 15-year-old boys and girls in 63 countries with known levels of gender equality. We find that competitiveness and fear of failure together mediate more than 40 percent of the effects on life satisfaction of gender and its interaction with gender equality. Thus, interventions targeting competitiveness and fear of failure could potentially have an impact on the gender gap in life satisfaction among adolescents in gender equal countries.
在15岁的青少年中，男孩报告的生活满意度往往高于女孩。最近的研究表明，在性别平等程度更高的国家，这种性别差距往往更大。我们通过研究两种心理倾向的中介作用来揭示这一明显的矛盾：竞争意识和对失败的恐惧。利用2018年国际学生评估项目（PISA）研究的数据，我们分析了63个性别平等程度已知的国家中40多万名15岁男孩和女孩的生活满意度、竞争意识和对失败的恐惧。我们发现，竞争意识和对失败的恐惧共同介导了性别及其与性别平等的相互作用对生活满意度影响的40%以上。因此，针对竞争意识和对失败的恐惧的干预措施可能会对性别平等国家青少年生活满意度的性别差距产生影响。
