Knowlton Barbara J, McAuliffe Sean P, Coelho Chase J, Hummel John E
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Jul;35(4):837-48. doi: 10.1037/a0015143.
Object images are identified more efficiently after prior exposure. Here, the authors investigated shape representations supporting object priming. The dependent measure in all experiments was the minimum exposure duration required to correctly identify an object image in a rapid serial visual presentation stream. Priming was defined as the change in minimum exposure duration for identification as a function of prior exposure to an object. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this dependent measure yielded an estimate of predominantly visual priming (i.e., free of name and concept priming). Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that although identification [corrected] was sensitive to orientation, visual priming was relatively invariant with image inversion (i.e., an image visually primed its inverted counterpart approximately as much as it primed itself). Experiment 4 demonstrated a similar dissociation with images rotated 90 degrees off the upright. In all experiments, the difference in the magnitude of priming for identical or rotated-inverted priming conditions was marginal or nonexistent. These results suggest that visual representations that support priming can be relatively insensitive to picture-plane manipulations, although these manipulations have a substantial effect on object identification.
在先前接触之后，物体图像能被更高效地识别。在此，作者们研究了支持物体启动效应的形状表征。所有实验中的因变量是在快速序列视觉呈现流中正确识别物体图像所需的最短曝光持续时间。启动效应被定义为识别所需最短曝光持续时间随先前对物体的接触而发生的变化。实验1表明，这个因变量主要产生了视觉启动效应的估计值（即不存在名称和概念启动效应）。实验2和3表明，尽管识别对方向敏感，但视觉启动效应在图像反转时相对不变（即一幅图像对其倒置对应物的视觉启动效应与其对自身的启动效应大致相同）。实验4表明，对于与直立方向相差90度旋转的图像也存在类似的分离现象。在所有实验中，相同或旋转倒置启动条件下启动效应大小的差异很小或不存在。这些结果表明，支持启动效应的视觉表征可能对画面平面操作相对不敏感，尽管这些操作对物体识别有实质性影响。
