Weiss David J
California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Behav Res Methods. 2009 Aug;41(3):901-8. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.3.901.
Nominal responses are the natural way for people to report actions or opinions. Because nominal responses do not generate numerical data, they have been underutilized in behavioral research. On those occasions in which nominal responses are elicited, the responses are customarily aggregated over people or trials so that large-sample statistics can be employed. A new analysis is proposed that directly associates differences among responses with particular sources in factorial designs. A pair of nominal responses either matches or does not; when responses do not match, they vary. That analogue to variance is incorporated in the nominal analysis of "variance" (NANOVA) procedure, wherein the proportions of matches associated with sources play the same role as do sums of squares in an ANOVA. The NANOVA table is structured like an ANOVA table. The significance levels of the N ratios formed by comparing proportions are determined by resampling. Fictitious behavioral examples featuring independent groups and repeated measures designs are presented. A Windows program for the analysis is available.
名义反应是人们报告行为或意见的自然方式。由于名义反应不会产生数值数据，因此在行为研究中未得到充分利用。在引出名义反应的那些情况下，通常会对人们或试验的反应进行汇总，以便可以采用大样本统计。本文提出了一种新的分析方法，该方法将反应之间的差异与析因设计中的特定来源直接关联起来。一对名义反应要么匹配，要么不匹配；当反应不匹配时，它们就会有所不同。这种类似于方差的概念被纳入到“名义方差分析”（NANOVA）程序中，其中与来源相关的匹配比例在分析中所起的作用与方差分析中的平方和相同。NANOVA表的结构与方差分析表类似。通过重采样来确定比较比例所形成的N比率的显著性水平。本文还给出了具有独立组和重复测量设计的虚拟行为示例。此外，还有一个用于该分析的Windows程序。
