Guo Zhiting, Fu Yujia, Wang Xuyang, Monroe Aline Aparecida, Zhang Yuping, Jin Jingfen, Chen Meifen
Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Faculty of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Int J Nurs Sci. 2024 Oct 13;11(5):505-512. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2024.10.011. eCollection 2024 Nov.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant public health challenge in China. Accurate perception of individual CVD risk is crucial for timely intervention and preventive strategies. This study aimed to determine the alignment between CVD risk perception levels and objectively calculated CVD risk levels, then investigate the disparity in physical activity and healthy diet habits among distinct CVD risk perception categories.
From March to August 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Zhejiang Province using convenience sampling. Participants aged between 20 and 80 years, without prior diagnosis of CVD were included. CVD risk perception was evaluated with the Chinese version of the Attitude and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Perception Questionnaire, while objective CVD risk was assessed through the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk (China-PAR) model. Participants' demographic information, self-reported physical activity, and healthy diet score were also collected.
A total of 739 participants were included in the final analysis. Less than a third of participants (29.2%) accurately perceived their CVD risk, while 64.5% over-perceived it and 6.2% under-perceived it. Notably, half of the individuals (50.0%) with high CVD risk under-perceived their actual risk. Compared to the accurate perception group, individuals aged 60-80 years old ( = 6.569), currently drinking ( = 3.059), and with hypertension ( = 2.352) were more likely to under-perceive their CVD risk. Meanwhile, participants aged 40-<60 years old ( = 2.462) and employed ( = 2.352) were more likely to over-perceive their risk. The proportion of individuals engaging in physical activity was lowest in the under-perception group, although the difference among the three groups was not statistically significant ( = 2.556, = 0.278). In addition, the proportion of individuals practicing healthy diet habits was also lowest in the under-perception group, and a significant statistical difference was observed among the three groups ( = 10.310, = 0.006).
Only a small proportion of participants accurately perceived their CVD risk, especially among those with high actual CVD risk. Individuals in the under-perceived CVD risk group exhibited the lowest rates of physical activity engagement and healthy diet adherence. Healthcare professionals should prioritize implementing personalized CVD risk communication strategies tailored to specific subgroups to enhance the accuracy of risk perception.
心血管疾病（CVD）仍是中国一项重大的公共卫生挑战。准确认识个体的心血管疾病风险对于及时干预和预防策略至关重要。本研究旨在确定心血管疾病风险认知水平与客观计算的心血管疾病风险水平之间的一致性，然后调查不同心血管疾病风险认知类别在身体活动和健康饮食习惯方面的差异。
2022年3月至8月，在浙江省采用便利抽样法进行了一项横断面调查。纳入年龄在20至80岁之间、既往无心血管疾病诊断的参与者。使用中文版的心血管疾病风险认知态度和信念问卷评估心血管疾病风险认知，同时通过动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险预测（China-PAR）模型评估客观的心血管疾病风险。还收集了参与者的人口统计学信息、自我报告的身体活动情况和健康饮食得分。
共有739名参与者纳入最终分析。不到三分之一的参与者（29.2%）准确感知了自己的心血管疾病风险，而64.5%的人高估了风险，6.2%的人低估了风险。值得注意的是，一半的高心血管疾病风险个体（50.0%）低估了他们的实际风险。与准确感知组相比,60至80岁（=6.569）、目前饮酒（=3.059）和患有高血压（=2.352）的个体更有可能低估他们的心血管疾病风险。同时，40至<60岁（=2.462）且就业（=2.352）的参与者更有可能高估他们的风险。身体活动参与者的比例在低估组中最低，尽管三组之间的差异无统计学意义（=2.556，=0.278）。此外，保持健康饮食习惯的个体比例在低估组中也最低，三组之间观察到显著的统计学差异（=10.310，=0.006）。
只有一小部分参与者准确感知了他们的心血管疾病风险，尤其是那些实际心血管疾病风险较高的人。心血管疾病风险被低估的个体参与身体活动和坚持健康饮食的比例最低。医疗保健专业人员应优先实施针对特定亚组的个性化心血管疾病风险沟通策略，以提高风险感知的准确性。
