Unitat d'Antropologia, Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Am J Hum Biol. 2010 Mar-Apr;22(2):154-62. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20967.
Thirty-two polymorphic Alu insertions (18 autosomal and 14 from the X chromosome) were studied in 192 individuals from two Amerindian populations of the Bolivian Altiplano (Aymara and Quechua speakers: the two main Andean linguistic groups), to provide relevant information about their genetic relationships and demographic processes. The main objective was to determine from genetic data whether the expansion of the Quechua language into Bolivia could be associated with demographic (Inca migration of Quechua-speakers from Peru into Bolivia) or cultural (language imposition by the Inca Empire) processes. Allele frequencies were used to assess the genetic relationships between these two linguistic groups. Our results indicated that the two Bolivian samples showed a high genetic similarity for both sets of markers and were clearly differentiated from the two Peruvian Quechua samples available in the literature. Additionally, our data were compared with the available literature to determine the genetic and linguistic structure, and East-West differentiation in South America. The close genetic relationship between the two Bolivian samples and their differentiation from the Quechua-speakers from Peru suggests that the Quechua language expansion in Bolivia took place without any important demographic contribution. Moreover, no clear geographical or linguistic structure was found for the Alu variation among South Amerindians.
研究了来自玻利维亚高原的两个美洲印第安人群体（讲艾玛拉语和克丘亚语的人：这是两个主要的安第斯语言群体）的 192 个人的 32 个多态性 Alu 插入（18 个常染色体和 14 个来自 X 染色体），以提供有关其遗传关系和人口过程的相关信息。主要目的是从遗传数据确定克丘亚语在玻利维亚的扩张是否与人口（来自秘鲁的印加裔克丘亚人移民到玻利维亚）或文化（印加帝国的语言强加）过程有关。等位基因频率用于评估这两个语言群体之间的遗传关系。我们的研究结果表明，这两个玻利维亚样本在两组标记物上都表现出高度的遗传相似性，并且与文献中可用的两个秘鲁克丘亚样本明显不同。此外，我们的数据与现有文献进行了比较，以确定南美洲的遗传和语言结构以及东西分化。两个玻利维亚样本之间的密切遗传关系及其与秘鲁克丘亚语者的分化表明，玻利维亚的克丘亚语扩张没有任何重要的人口贡献。此外，在南美印第安人中，Alu 变异没有发现明显的地理或语言结构。
