Kresina Thomas F, Bruce R Douglas, McCance-Katz Elinore F
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA.
Curr HIV Res. 2009 Jul;7(4):354-64. doi: 10.2174/157016209788680598.
Drug use and HIV/AIDS are global public health issues. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that up to 30% of HIV infections are related to drug use and associated behaviors. The intersection, of the twin epidemics of HIV and drug/alcohol use, results in difficult medical management issues for the health care providers and researchers who work in the expanding global HIV prevention and treatment fields. Access to care and treatment, medication adherence to multiple therapeutic regimens, and concomitant drug -drug interactions of prescribed treatments are difficult barriers for drug users to overcome without directed interventions. Injection drug users are frequently disenfranchised from medical care and suffer sigma and discrimination creating additional barriers to care and treatment for their drug abuse and dependence as well as HIV infection. In an increasing number of studies, medication assisted treatment of drug abuse and dependence has been shown to be an important HIV prevention intervention. Controlling the global transmission of HIV will require further investment in evidence-based interventions and programs to enhance access to care and treatment of individuals who abuse illicit drugs and alcohol. In this review, we present the cumulative evidence of the importance of medication assisted treatment in the prevention, care, and treatment of HIV infected individuals who also abuse drugs and alcohol.
药物使用与艾滋病毒/艾滋病是全球性的公共卫生问题。世界卫生组织（WHO）估计，高达30%的艾滋病毒感染与药物使用及相关行为有关。艾滋病毒与药物/酒精使用这两大流行病的交叉，给在不断扩大的全球艾滋病毒预防和治疗领域工作的医护人员和研究人员带来了棘手的医疗管理问题。如果没有针对性的干预措施，吸毒者很难克服获得护理和治疗、坚持多种治疗方案的药物治疗以及规定治疗中药物与药物之间的相互作用等障碍。注射吸毒者往往无法获得医疗护理，还要遭受污名化和歧视，这为他们治疗药物滥用和依赖以及艾滋病毒感染设置了更多的护理和治疗障碍。越来越多的研究表明，药物辅助治疗药物滥用和依赖是一项重要的艾滋病毒预防干预措施。控制艾滋病毒的全球传播需要进一步投资于基于证据的干预措施和项目，以增加对滥用非法药物和酒精者的护理和治疗机会。在这篇综述中，我们展示了药物辅助治疗在预防、护理和治疗同时滥用药物和酒精的艾滋病毒感染者方面重要性的累积证据。
