Klempa B
Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Jun;15(6):518-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02848.x.
Most hantaviruses are rodent-borne emerging viruses. They cause two significant human diseases, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Asia and Europe, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. Very recently, several novel hantaviruses with unknown pathogenic potential have been identified in Africa and in a variety of insectivores (shrews and a mole). Because there is very limited information available on the possible impact of climate change on all of these highly dangerous pathogens, it is timely to review this aspect of their epidemiology. It can reasonably be concluded that climate change should influence hantaviruses through impacts on the hantavirus reservoir host populations. We can anticipate changes in the size and frequency of hantavirus outbreaks, the spectrum of hantavirus species and geographical distribution (mediated by changes in population densities), and species composition and geographical distribution of their reservoir hosts. The early effects of global warming have already been observed in different geographical areas of Europe. Elevated average temperatures in West-Central Europe have been associated with more frequent Puumala hantavirus outbreaks, through high seed production (mast year) and high bank vole densities. On the other hand, warm winters in Scandinavia have led to a decline in vole populations as a result of the missing protective snow cover. Additional effects can be caused by increased intensity and frequency of extreme climatic events, or by changes in human behaviour leading to higher risk of human virus exposure. Regardless of the extent of climate change, it is difficult to predict the impact on hantavirus survival, emergence and epidemiology. Nevertheless, hantaviruses will undoubtedly remain a significant public health threat for several decades to come.
大多数汉坦病毒是由啮齿动物传播的新兴病毒。它们会引发两种严重的人类疾病，在亚洲和欧洲是肾综合征出血热，在美洲是汉坦病毒心肺综合征。最近，在非洲以及多种食虫动物（鼩鼱和一种鼹鼠）中发现了几种具有未知致病潜力的新型汉坦病毒。由于关于气候变化对所有这些高度危险病原体可能产生的影响的信息非常有限，因此及时回顾它们流行病学的这一方面很有必要。可以合理推断，气候变化应通过对汉坦病毒储存宿主种群的影响来影响汉坦病毒。我们可以预期汉坦病毒疫情的规模和频率、汉坦病毒种类的范围和地理分布（由种群密度变化介导）以及其储存宿主的物种组成和地理分布会发生变化。在欧洲的不同地理区域已经观察到了全球变暖的早期影响。欧洲中西部平均气温升高与更频繁的普马拉汉坦病毒疫情有关，这是由于种子高产（大年）和棕背鼠密度高。另一方面，斯堪的纳维亚温暖的冬季导致田鼠种群数量下降，原因是缺少保护性的积雪覆盖。极端气候事件强度和频率增加，或者人类行为变化导致人类接触病毒的风险增加，可能会产生其他影响。无论气候变化的程度如何，都很难预测其对汉坦病毒生存、出现和流行病学的影响。然而，在未来几十年里，汉坦病毒无疑仍将是对公共卫生的重大威胁。
