Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA.
Glia. 2010 Jan 15;58(2):125-34. doi: 10.1002/glia.20917.
Damage to the brain and spinal cord leads to permanent functional disability because of the very limited capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) for repair. Transplantation of cells into regions of CNS damage represents one approach to enhancing this repair. At present, the ideal cell type for transplant-mediated repair has not been identified but autologous transplantation would be advantageous. Olfactory tissue, in part because of its capacity for regeneration, has emerged as a promising source of cells and several clinical centers are using olfactory cells or tissues in the treatment of CNS damage. Until now, the olfactory ensheathing cell, a specialized glial cell of the olfactory system has been the main focus of attention. Transplants of this cell have been shown to have a neuroprotective function, support axonal regeneration, and remyelinate demyelinated axons. However, the olfactory mucosa is a heterogeneous tissue, composed of a variety of cells supporting both its normal function and its regenerative capacity. It is therefore possible that it contains several cell types that could participate in CNS repair including putative stem cells as well as glia. Here we review the cellular composition of the olfactory tissue and the evidence that equivalent cell types exist in both rodent and human olfactory mucosa suggesting that it is potentially a rich source of autologous cells for transplant-mediated repair of the CNS.
脑和脊髓的损伤会导致永久性的功能障碍，这是由于中枢神经系统（CNS）的修复能力非常有限。将细胞移植到 CNS 损伤区域是增强这种修复的一种方法。目前，尚未确定用于移植介导修复的理想细胞类型，但自体移植将是有利的。嗅组织，部分由于其再生能力，已成为细胞的有前途的来源，并且几个临床中心正在使用嗅细胞或组织治疗 CNS 损伤。到目前为止，嗅鞘细胞，一种嗅觉系统的特化神经胶质细胞，一直是关注的主要焦点。已经表明，这种细胞的移植具有神经保护功能，支持轴突再生，并使脱髓鞘的轴突重新髓鞘化。然而，嗅黏膜是一种异质组织，由多种细胞组成，这些细胞支持其正常功能和再生能力。因此，它可能包含几种可参与 CNS 修复的细胞类型，包括潜在的干细胞和神经胶质细胞。在这里，我们回顾了嗅组织的细胞组成以及啮齿动物和人类嗅黏膜中存在等效细胞类型的证据，这表明它可能是中枢神经系统自体移植修复的丰富细胞来源。
