Burger Pauline, Charrié-Duhaut Armelle, Connan Jacques, Flecker Michael, Albrecht Pierre
Laboratoire de Biogéochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7177 du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
Anal Chim Acta. 2009 Aug 19;648(1):85-97. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.022. Epub 2009 Jun 17.
Plant resins, and particularly dammars from the Dipterocarpaceae family, were widely used in the past, notably as part of caulking material. The organic composition of resins, already complicated, is not always preserved over time and can be considerably affected by ageing. Hence, their occurrence in archaeological items leads to the necessity to identify them taxonomically with precision. Resinous organic materials collected near and/or on wrecks discovered in South China Sea, supposed to contain dammar resins because of their geographical excavation context, were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), together with freshly collected dammars, to establish taxonomic and alteration parameters allowing to identify dammar even in very altered samples or in mixtures together with other organic materials. This study specially focuses on three samples collected within or close to the M1J wreck, a Portuguese wreck lost in the Straight of Malacca during the 16th century. Our analyses establish that all three are made of dammar, two of them in association with pitch and bitumen. In addition, biodegradation biomarkers were detected in all these three samples, indicating that they were submitted to microbial degradation processes during their ageing.
植物树脂，尤其是龙脑香科植物的达玛树脂，在过去被广泛使用，特别是作为填缝材料的一部分。树脂的有机成分本就复杂，而且随着时间推移并不总是能保存下来，会受到老化的显著影响。因此，在考古物品中发现它们就需要精确地进行分类鉴定。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）对在中国南海发现的沉船附近和/或船上采集的树脂有机材料进行了研究，这些材料因挖掘地点的原因被认为含有达玛树脂，同时还研究了新采集的达玛树脂，以确定分类和变化参数，从而即使在非常变质的样品中或与其他有机材料混合的情况下也能鉴定达玛树脂。本研究特别关注从M1J沉船内部或附近采集的三个样品，M1J是一艘16世纪在马六甲海峡沉没的葡萄牙沉船。我们的分析表明，所有三个样品均由达玛树脂制成，其中两个与沥青和柏油有关。此外，在所有这三个样品中都检测到了生物降解生物标志物，表明它们在老化过程中经历了微生物降解过程。
